JAHRESTAGUNG - ABSTRACTS - Mai - 02. Juni 2022 - ÖGHMP
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37. JAHRESTAGUNG
31. Mai – 02. Juni 2022
Kongresshaus Bad Ischl
Foto: ©www.badischl.at
ABSTRACTSVORTRÄGE 1
PLENARVORTRÄGE
PV-1 SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Lessons learned?
Franz Allerberger
Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
Am 11. März 2020 erklärte die WHO den Covid-19-Ausbruch offiziell zu einer Pandemie. Zwei Jahre
später fragt eine KURIER-Chefredakteurin „Warum hat Österreich die Pandemie mit vergleichsweise
verrücktem Aufwand so besonders miserabel gemanagt“ und „Wieso landet Österreich regelmäßig an
der Weltspitze der Infiziertenzahlen, obwohl es zum Beispiel kaum ein anderes Land gibt, das
FFP2-Masken verordnet hat? Wieso hat Österreich häufiger Lockdowns als andere unter Hinweis auf
Spitalsüberlastung, wo wir doch bei der Zahl der Intensivbetten und des Spitalspersonals weltweit im
Spitzenfeld liegen? Wieso haben wir für Tests – offensichtlich ohne signifikante Wirkung auf das
Infektionsgeschehen – mehr als das gesamte Wissenschaftsbudget ausgegeben? Auch die Experten
zankten sich, viele Prognosen waren falsch. Warum?“ Im Spannungsfeld zwischen dem damaligen
Irrglauben einen tödlichen Seuchenerreger ausrotten zu können („Zero-Covid“) und dem strategischen
Ziel „nur“ Überlastungen des medizinischen Systems durch den neuen saisonalen „Winterinfekt“ zu
verhindern („flatten the curve“) offenbarten sich erstaunliche Phänomene von Intoleranz gegenüber
jeweils nichtkonformen Ansichten. Dass die WHO als Falldefinition „A person with a positive Nucleic
Acid Amplification Test“ vorgab, also auch Personen ohne jegliche Krankheitszeichen als Fälle
gezählt werden mussten, trug zur Verwirrung bei. Zudem hatte die 2005 neu eingeführte
Pandemiedefinition der WHO mit dem schreckensbehafteten klassischen Pandemie-Begriff nur sehr
wenig zu tun. Schon im April 2021 resümierte Maria Van Kerkhove von der WHO: „Covid-19 war
kein schwarzer Schwan, war wahrscheinlich nicht das ganz große Ding in Sachen Pandemie“. Als
Vorbereitung für künftige Pandemien mit Fallsterblichkeiten von tatsächlich >3% sollten wir schnell
von der bisherigen Dämonisierung von Gentechnik Abstand nehmen: Solange Lebensmittel wie
Speiseöl, Eier oder Milchprodukte noch als „gen(technik)frei“ beworben werden, sollte die Sorge
Vieler vor gentechnisch hergestellten - und für die Beherrschung künftiger Pandemien
unverzichtbaren - Impfstoffen nicht überraschen. Wir hatten 8%ige Übersterblichkeit, es gab viel Leid,
aber sicherlich nicht eine „globale Verwüstung, die das Corona-Virus angerichtet hat“ (PROFIL
30.01. 2022).
PV-2 In Latrina Veritas - Pathogen Surveillance in Wastewater
Andreas Bergthaler
Medical University of Vienna, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and
Immunology
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of pathogens dates back to the surveillance of poliovirus in
the 1940s. With the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, WBE turned into an increasingly important
surveillance instrument and many countries established WBE programs to assess viral loads by PCR.
Yet, virus sequencing of wastewater to deconvolute the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in a given
catchment area still faces numerous challenges. In mid 2020, we started to deep-sequence wastewater
samples together with several collaboration partners across Austria. With the advent of the Alpha
variant in December 2020, these efforts were intensified, resulting in a weekly sampling of 94
municipal catchments covering >59% of Austria's population. To advance WBE analyses, we
developed a novel computational framework, which we termed Variant Quantification in Sewage
pipeline designed for Robustness (VaQuERo). This enabled us to deduce the spatiotemporal
abundance of viral variants such as Alpha, Delta and Omicron from wastewater and successfully
validate it using epidemiological records of >311,000 individual cases. Further, we analysed the viral
genetic diversity of viral variants and were able to determine the reproductive advantage of variants of
concern by calculating variant-specific reproduction numbers from wastewater. Together, this study
demonstrates the power of WBE to support public health and promises particular value for countries
and periods without extensive individual monitoring.
2PV-3 Die Rolle der Hydrologie in der Wasserhygiene
Alfred Paul Blaschke
Technische Universität Wien
Die 100 prozentige Trinkwasserversorgung in Österreich mit Grundwasser ist ein hohes Gut und es
bedarf daher auch unserer großen Aufmerksamkeit beim Schutz der Vorkommen. Entsprechend der
unterschiedlichen Typen von Grundwasservorkommen von Quellwässern aus dem Bergland bis hin zu
Uferfiltrat entlang der Flüsse, ergeben sich unterschiedliche Herausforderungen. In den letzten
Jahrzehnten haben sich zudem die Belastungen der Grundwässer sehr gewandelt. Beschäftigten uns
noch zu Beginn des 19-ten Jahrhunderts die durch verunreinigtes Trinkwasser entstandenen großen
Epidemien, so sind es heute die vielfältigen Belastungen aus der Landwirtschaft, Industrie und der
Entsorgungswirtschaft. So entwickelten sich nahezu zwangsläufig Analysemethoden für diese Stoffe
und Untersuchungsmethoden über deren Verhalten im Oberflächenwasser und Grundwasser. In den
letzten Jahrzehnten nahm speziell die Kenntnis über Belastungen des Grund- bzw. Trinkwassers durch
Mikroschadstoffe (z.B. Medikamentenrückstände aus der Abwasserentsorgung) und Mikroorganismen
zu. Mehr oder weniger parallel dazu entwickelten sich auch die hydrologischen Verfahren zur
Beschreibung des Transportes und des Verhaltens dieser Stoffe im Wasserkreislauf weiter. Anfänglich
standen hier die chemischen Stoffe im Vordergrund und erst in den letzten 30 bis 40 Jahren wurden
die Methoden auch für weitere Wasserinhaltsstoffe weiterentwickelt.
Wie man wahrscheinlich generell davon sprechen kann, dass die interdisziplinäre Forschung immer
noch nicht im notwendigem Umfang gelebt wird, so ist es auch bei den Fragen der hygienischen
Wasserqualität. Auf dem Gebiet der Wasserhygiene ist eine intensivere Forschung gemeinsam mit der
Hydrologie etwa seit 10 bis 20 Jahren festzustellen.
Im Vortrag soll anhand von praktischen Beispielen ein Einblick in die Entwicklung und den
derzeitigen Stand des Zusammenwirkens der Forschungsgebiete Hydrologie und Wasserhygiene bei
der Lösung von Fragestellungen aufgezeigt werden.
PV-4 Water in Hospitals: Balance between infrastructure and behavioral infection
prevention and control interventions
Joost Hopman
Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
The hospital built environment should facilitate good clinical IPC practices. Ideally, the built
environment should even go one-step further by limiting the HCWs options for wrong behavior and
stimulating practices towards the correct behavior. In this lecture, we will explain ways to reduce the
risk for transmission of GNB from the environment to the patient by eliminating the source (sinks,
shower drains and sewage systems) from patient rooms. Is it time for essential requirements for the
hospital built environment? Steps are being made and initiatives under way to address IPC principles
in the hospital built environment for high- and low-resource settings.
PV-5 Salmonella infantis: das Masthuhn im Fokus
Claudia Hess
Klinik für Geflügel und Fische, Department für Landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere und öffentliches Gesundheitswesen in der
Veterinärmedizin, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
Lebensmittelbedingte Infektionen mit Salmonellen zählen zu den weltweit häufigsten Ursachen
humaner Erkrankungen. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica umfasst mehr als 1400
nicht-typhoide Serotypen, von denen allerdings nur eine geringe Anzahl für den Großteil der beim
Geflügel vorkommenden Isolate verantwortlich ist, insbesondere Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella
3Typhimurium und Salmonella Infantis. Dank intensiver Bemühungen der österreichischen aber auch
der gesamten europäischen Geflügelbranche konnte die Zahl der Infektionen - sowohl beim Geflügel
als auch beim Menschen- in den letzten Jahren drastisch reduziert werden. Allerdings berichtet die
EFSA (2021) eine konstante Anzahl humaner Salmonelleninfektionen über die letzten Jahre, wobei
neben S. Enteritidis und S. Typhimurium besonders Infektionen mit dem Serovar Infantis zunehmende
Bedeutung erlangen. Dieser Trend wird auch in Österreich beobachtet. Als Reservoir für eine S.
Infantis Salmonellose beim Menschen werden primär tierische Lebensmittel, hier vorrangig
Geflügelfleisch, angesehen. S. Infantis ist mittlerweile in der EU das am häufigsten vorkommende
Serovar in Mastgeflügelbeständen sowie im Geflügelfleisch (EFSA, 2021). In der vorliegenden
Präsentation werden die aktuellen Erkenntnisse über das Serovar Infantis in Hinblick auf seine
Affinität zum Masthuhn, der Virulenz unterschiedlicher Stämme sowie den möglichen Eintragsquellen
behandelt. Des Weiteren wird auf die derzeit möglichen Bekämpfungsstrategien mit Fokus auf
Reinigung und Desinfektion betroffener Stallungen sowie Vakzinationsstrategien eingegangen.
The European Union One Health 2019 Zoonoses Report (2021). EFSA Journal; doi:
10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6406
PV-6 Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the pre-antibiotic era:
the role of hedgehogs and antibiotic-producing fungi
Jesper Larsen
Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
The discovery of antibiotics more than 80 years ago instigated an era of drug innovation and
implementation in human and animal health. Clinical use of antibiotics were all followed by the rapid
emergence of ready-to-use antibiotic resistance genes in clinical isolates of many common pathogens.
This history has led to the generally accepted view that antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a
modern phenomenon driven by our use of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – a
notorious human pathogen – was first identified in patients in 1960 just one year after methicillin
(penicillinase-stable penicillin) was introduced as therapeutic option against the rapid emergence of
penicillinase-producing – and hence penicillin-resistant – S. aureus isolates during the 1940s and
1950s. Methicillin resistance has subsequently emerged in many S. aureus clones around the world,
both in hospital and community settings as well as food animals such as pigs and cattle. Two recent
reports from Denmark and Sweden have shown that hedgehogs are frequent carriers of particular
lineages of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, which prompted us to investigate the hypothesis that the
emergence of these bacteria was initially driven by natural selection rather than by clinical use of
antibiotics. Our results showed that these methicillin-resistant S. aureus lineages appeared in European
hedgehogs in the early 1800s well before the first antibiotics became widely available as therapeutic
options in human and veterinary medicine in the 1940s, and that most isolates from humans and food
animals originate from local hedgehog reservoirs. Analyses of the hedgehog-fungus Trichophyton
erinacei revealed that it produces penicillin-like antibiotics, which provide a natural-selective
environment where methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates have an advantage over susceptible isolates.
These results imply a natural-origin of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in the pre-antibiotic era and
show conclusively that non-anthropogenic selection of antibiotic-resistance in natural environments
can have clinical consequences for human and animal health.
4
PV-7 Das menschliche Archaeom
Christine Moissl-Eichinger
Medical University of Graz, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine
Der menschliche Darm und sein Mikrobiom spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei Gesundheit und
Krankheit. Neben Bakterien wird der Magen-Darm-Trakt auch von anderen Mikroorganismen wie
Viren, Pilzen und Archaeen bewohnt. Archaeen sind Schlüsselmikroben im Hinblick auf die Effizienz
der bakteriellen Fermentation. Sie machen den Abbau von Ballaststoffen hocheffizient, indem sie
bakterielle Endprodukte wie Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid zur Bildung von Methan nutzen. Etwa
zwanzig Prozent der westlichen Bevölkerung atmen von Natur aus wesentlich höhere Mengen dieses
Gases aus, und das zugrundeliegende Prinzip für die unterschiedliche Methanemission und ihre
Auswirkung auf die menschliche Gesundheit wurde nicht ausreichend verstanden.
In diesem Vortrag werde ich unser aktuelles Wissen über die menschliche Archaeen-Gemeinschaft
(das "Archaeom") zusammenfassen, basierend auf einer Ressource von mehr als 1000
Archaeen-Genomen aus dem menschlichen Magen-Darm-Trakt. Insbesondere werde ich die Rolle der
Archaeen als Methanproduzenten und ihren Zusammenhang mit der Ernährung und der
Formiatkonzentration im Darm diskutieren. Anhand unserer Daten zeigen wir, dass das menschliche
Archaeom eine kritische Komponente des Darmmikrobioms ist, die wichtige Auswirkungen auf den
Wirt hat.
SITZUNG 1: SARS-CoV-2
V 01 SARS-CoV-2 immunity and immune-escape variants
Judith H. Aberle, Karin Stiasny, Lukas Weseslindtner, Margareta Mayer, Jeremy V. Camp, Amelie
Popovitsch Justyna Sieber, Klara Schmidthaler, Sonja Kopanja, Varsha Dwivedi, Jakub Hoz, Anja
Schoof, Zsolt Szépfalusi
Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and
Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics, Medical University
of Vienna, Vienna Austria 3Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Generating immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is of importance for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
Humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop robust T cell immunity and neutralizing antibodies
directed against the viral spike protein. So far, the durability of immunity as well as the ability to
neutralize newly emerging variants of concern (VOCs) are unclear. Elucidating the longevity and
breadth of SARS-CoV-2 immunity provides important insights into the mechanisms of immune
protection and will inform the ongoing development of vaccine strategies.
We have developed highly sensitive T cell assays as well as neutralization tests for identifying
antibody responses targeting the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain as well as VOCs, including Beta, Delta
and the recently emerged Omicron variants. We assessed T cell and antibody responses in longitudinal
cohorts of adults and children after asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 over a 16-month period. In
parallel, we studied cohorts of age-matched controls with no evidence of previous infection. By
vaccinating them after a year, we were able to examine the effects of vaccination on immune
responses in infection-naïve versus recovered individuals. A particular strength of our work is the
evaluation of T cell immunity and the antibody-neutralizing activity to the recently emerged omicron
variants BA.1 and BA.2.
Our data reveal that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived T cell immunity and neutralizing
antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (D614G isolate), but with poor cross-neutralization of the
omicron variant. Vaccination, however, elicited strong antibody responses, with significantly
increased omicron neutralization in those with pre-existing immunity compared to infection-naïve
vaccinees. By demonstrating the immunological benefits of boosting infection-induced immunity,
these findings may serve as guides for the ongoing development of vaccine strategies.
5V 02 High-Affinity Genetic FcγRIIIa Variants and Potent NK Cell-Mediated
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) Responses Contribute to Severe
COVID-19
Hannes Vietzen (1); Vera Danklmaier (1); Alexander Zoufaly (2, 3); Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl
(1)
(1) Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, (2) Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria,
(3) Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
Introduction & Objective: Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
(ADCC) responses play a controversial role in SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is unclear, whether the NK
cell- and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic ADCC
responses limit the disease severity or rather contribute to the immunopathogenesis of severe
COVID-19.
Methods & Results: Using a genetic association approach and in vitro antibody-dependent NK cell
activation experiments, we investigated, whether the individual SARS-CoV-2-specific ADCC
response contributes to COVID-19 severity. We show in a study cohort of mildly and severely
diseased COVID-19 patients (N=197) that the high-affinity variant of the FcγRIIIa IgG receptor,
158-V/V, is significantly over-represented in hospitalized and deceased COVID-19 patients, while the
low-affinity FcγRIIIa-158-F/F variant occurs more frequently in patients with mild COVID-19
(pResults: Non-hospitalized patients had the lowest neutralization titers against all variants, while those
of hospitalized patients equaled or exceeded those of vaccinees. Neutralizing activity was lower
against the two VOCs and declined significantly in all cohorts over six months. The specific
neutralizing activity (NT titer/ELISA value ratio) was higher in the infected cohorts than in vaccinees
and did not differ between non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients. Patients infected with viral
strains carrying mutations in the N-terminal domain of S showed impaired Beta VOC neutralization.
Conclusions: Specific neutralizing activities were higher in infected than in vaccinated individuals,
and no difference in the quality of these antibodies was observed between hospitalized and
non-hospitalized patients, despite significantly lower titers in the latter group. Additionally, antibody
responses of infected individuals showed greater heterogeneity than those of vaccinees, and this was
associated with mutations in the S protein of the infecting strain. Humoral responses after natural
infection differ from those induced by vaccination in dependence on previous antigen exposure(s) as
well as timing, emphasizing the difficulty of defining a generally applicable correlate of protection.
V 04 N-chlorotaurine, a novel inhaled virucidal antiseptic, is highly active against
respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Michaela Lackner1, Annika Rössler2, André Volland2, Marlena Nastassja Stadtmüller3, 4, Brigitte
Müllauer2, Zoltan Banki2, Johannes Ströhle1, Angela Luttick5, Jennifer Fenner5, Bettina Sarg6,
Leopold Kremser6, Paul Tone7, Heribert Stoiber2, Dorothee von Laer2, Thorsten Wolff3, Carsten
Schwarz8, Markus Nagl1*
1Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, 2Institute of
Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, 3Unit 17-Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert
Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany., 4Current address: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Universitätsklinikum
Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany, 5360biolabs Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia, 6Institute of Medical Biochemistry,
Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, 7Innovative Biomedical Concepts, Inc., Staten Island, New
York, 8CF Center Westbrandenburg, Division Cystic Fibrosis, Pediatric Clinic Westbrandenburg, Potsdam, Germany
Background: N-chlorotaurine is an endogenous antiseptic that can be applied topically as a
well-tolerated anti-infective at many body sites including the bronchopulmonary system via inhalation
because of its mild activity and good tolerability. In this in-vitro study, we demonstrate the activity of
NCT against viruses causing acute respiratory tract infections, i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza viruses (H1N1, H1N1pdm, H3N2) and respiratory syncytial
virus (long strain).
Methods: Stock virus was incubated with NCT for different time periods at 37°C. Then, NCT was
inactivated with methionine and histidine, and inactivation of the viruses was assessed by plaque
assay. In addition, immunostaining and RT-qPCR were done for SARS-CoV-2. Spike protein and
3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 were treated with NCT and sites of attack were assessed by mass
spectrometry.
Results: NCT demonstrated broad virucidal activity against all viruses tested. At the clinically applied
concentration of 1%, significant inactivation within 1 min (H1N1/pdm), 5 min (H3N2, RSV), 5-15
min (SARS-CoV-2) was found. SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7(Alpha) und B.1.351 (Beta) were tested
and had similar susceptibility. In the presence of organic proteinaceous material simulating body
fluids, this activity was enhanced by transchlorination mechanisms so that significant inactivation of
viruses could be achieved within 1 – 5 minutes in all cases. Multiple sites of chlorination and
oxidation in NCT-treated spike protein and 3C-like protease were detected by mass spectrometry.
Conclusions: NCT demonstrated broad-spectrum virucidal activity against respiratory viruses, which
is explained by multiple sites of molecular attack. Inhalation of 1.0% NCT as a prophylactic and
therapeutic strategy against acute viral respiratory tract infections deserves comprehensive clinical
investigation.
7SITZUNG 2: VIROLOGIE UND SARS-CoV-2
V 05 Two rounds of a national external quality assessment reveal significant disharmony
in Anti- SARS-CoV-2-IgG quantification in a real-life setting
Christoph Buchta 1, Christian Borsodi 2, Jovana Jovanovic 1, Lisa Weidner 3, Nazanin Sareban 4,
David Springer 2, Ulla Radler 1, Mathias M. Müller 1, Thomas Wagner 4, Elisabeth
Puchhammer-Stöckl 2, Andrea Griesmacher 1, Christof Jungbauer 3, Lukas Weseslindtner 2
1 Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna,
Austria, 2 Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, 3 Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna,
Lower Austria and Burgenland, Austria, 4 Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical
University of Graz, Austria.
Background
When SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies are measured, the WHO standardized unit of binding antibody
units per milliliter (BAU/mL) and conversion factors should make quantitative results by different
antibody assays comparable.
Methods
In this study, we evaluated the antibody assay-dependent variations in Anti-SARS-CoV-IgG
quantifications from two rounds of a national external quality assessment (EQA) with single and
sequential samples from convalescent, acutely infected, and vaccinated individuals performed by 45
participant laboratories in a real-life setting.
Results
The intra-assay variation of the three antibody assays most commonly used by the participants, the
Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant, the Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 S, and the LIAISON
SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assays, was low with excellent reproducibility in identical samples sent
to participants in duplicates. In contrast, the grade of variation of the quantified BAU/ml levels among
these three antibody assays was high, although two assays specifically quantified Spike-specific IgG
antibodies. Of note, the ratios of the BAU/ml concentrations among the different assays were not
equal among all samples but differed with respect to the infection stage (acute vs. convalescent
SARS-CoV-2 infection) and vaccination. Finally, the extent of the decline over time and the increase
of the antibody levels due to vaccination among two pairs of subsequently acquired samples from the
same individuals also displayed a strong dependence on the assays´ manufacturer.
Conclusions
Even when BAU/ml is used as standardized units to measure Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG antibody
levels, quantitative results by different commercial assays should not be directly compared. Ratios
between BAU/ml quantifications by different tests apparently depend on the infection stage, strongly
arguing against the usage of universal conversion factors for commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody
assays.
V 06 Head-to-head comparison of four commercial surrogate neutralization and three
Anti-Spike-IgG antibody assays for assessing neutralizing antibodies against
SARS-CoV-2
Marianne Graninger 1, Claudia Jani 1, Elisabeth Reuberger 1, Philipp Gaspar 1, David Springer 1,
Christian Borsodi 1, Lisa Weidner 2, Susanne Rabady 3, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl 1, Christof
Jungbauer 2, Eva Höltl 4, Karin Stiasny 1, 5 and Lukas Weseslindtner 1, 5
1 Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, 2 Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower
Austria and Burgenland, Austria, 3 Department of General Health Studies, Division General and Family Medicine, Karl
Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria, 4 Health center of the Erste Bank of the Austrian Savings Bank
AG, Vienna, Austria, 5 these authors contributed equally and share correspondence
8Background
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 are considered the best correlate of protection
against reinfection. However, live-virus neutralization tests (NTs) are work-intense, require
high-security laboratories, and are difficult to standardize.
Aim
To assess the suitability of four commercial surrogate neutralization tests (SNTs) and three
Anti-Spike-IgG antibody assays, including a microarray, for the quantitative assessment of nAbs using
a live-virus NT as a reference.
Methods
Single and longitudinal samples (n=741) from 666 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals were tested
using the NT and seven commercial antibody assays (cPass™ by GenScript,
SARS-CoV-2-NeutraLISA [Euroimmun], ACE2-RBD Neutralization Assay [DiaPro], TECO
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Assay [TECOmedical], Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac
[Euroimmun], LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay [DiaSorin], SARS-CoV-2 ViraChip®
IgG [Viramed]). ROC analyses were performed to determine optimized cut-offs for assessing
high-titer samples (NT ≥80). Test specificities were evaluated in 234 pre-pandemic controls.
Results
Assay-specific sensitivities for detecting nAbs ranged from 51 to 100%, while specificity exceeded
97% for all tests. All commercial assays correlated significantly with the NT to different extents.
Specific SNTs displayed the best ability to identify NT titers ≥80, but nAb titers in additionally
vaccinated individuals (n=20) were out of range in SNTs and more accurately measured by quantitive
spike-specific IgG antibody tests. The waning of nAb levels over time was adequately assessed by all
commercial assays, but the quantitative extent of this decline depended on the applied antibody test.
Conclusion
The ability of commercial antibody assays to assess SARS-CoV-2 specific nAbs depends on the
specific test, the assay type and the individual antibody concentration. We propose adapted cut-offs for
commercial assays to detect nAbs beyond a specific threshold NT titer, making these tests acceptable
substitutes for NTs.
V 07 Differences in cross-reactive IgG responses after flavivirus infections
Roßbacher Lena D. (1), Malafa Stefan (1), Huber Kristina (2), Aberle Judith H. (1), Aberle Stephan
W. (1), Santonja Isabel (1), Heinz Franz X. (1), Stiasny Karin (1)
(1) Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, (2) Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine,
Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is the most important disease-causing flavivirus in Europe, while
dengue (DEN) and Zika (ZIK) viruses are found in tropical and sub-tropical regions and are a major
burden on global health. Climate change causes flavivirus vectors to expand their habitats constantly,
resulting in increased co-circulation of different flaviviruses. In addition, several flavivirus vaccines
(e.g. TBE, yellow fever) are in widespread use. Hence, it is important to understand how a previous
immunityinfluences recall responses against a subsequent flavivirus infection or vaccination. Our
study addressed this problem by analyzing human polyclonal serum samples from TBE patients with
and without prior flavivirus exposure using different serological assays. In addition, we included
samples from Zika and dengue patients.
Both homologous and heterologous pre-existing immunity had a strong impact on the magnitude of
virus-specific IgG antibody responses after TBE virus infections, causing a substantial boosting of
antibodies compared to naïve TBE patients. In contrast to a homologous pre-exposure, a heterologous
pre-immunity led to the development of high amounts of broadly cross-reactive IgG antibodies.
Similar patterns of IgG antibody responses were observed in naïve and pre-immune Zika patients.
Samples from pre-immune dengue patients, however, contained higher amounts of cross-reactive
antibodies than those of pre-immune Zika and TBE patients.
9Altogether, these findings suggest that different flaviviruses induce variable amounts of cross-reactive
antibodies, which might be explained by distinctive structural properties of the respective viruses. The
data obtained from this study thus not only yielded insights into the influence of a pre-existing
memory on antibody fine specificities, but also provide valuable information for an effective
management of flavivirus vaccinations.
V 08 Microarray analysis of virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies significantly improves
the serological diagnosis of Hepatitis E Virus infection
David N. Springer, Christian Borsodi, Stephan W. Aberle, Lukas Weseslindtner
Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Background:
Due to the limited availability of PCR, the rapid decrease of viral RNA in the blood, and the
possibility of unspecific reactivity in serological assays, the laboratory diagnosis of Hepatitis E Virus
(HEV) infection remains challenging.
Aim:
Therefore, we evaluated a commercial microarray for HEV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies featuring
nine target antigens (HEV Virachip®, Viramed).
Methods:
The evaluation panel comprised 408 serum samples first characterized by HEV-PCR (in-house) and
Anti-HEV-IgM- and IgG-ELISAs (Wantai-HEV-IgG/IgM ELISA®, Wantai Biological Pharmacy
Ent). Based on these results and additional IgG avidity testing, samples were staged as early viremic
(serum PCR+, IgM±, IgG±; n=94), progressed non-viremic (serum PCR-, IgM+, IgG+; n=80) and past
HEV infection (PCR-, IgM-, IgG+; n=117). Additional 117 samples negative for all HEV parameters
served as controls.
Results:
Microarray results significantly concurred with the ELISAs in 94.8 % of IgM positive and 97.7 % of
IgG positive samples, indicating a high concordance of the applied serological assays. However, IgM
and IgG antibodies against specific antigens included in the microarray (e.g., IgM and IgG against
O2-1C4 and O2-1N, respectively) were earlier detectable in 14.9 % of still ELISA-IgM negative and
35.3 % of ELISA-IgG negative samples. In addition, samples with negative PCR but positive IgM
ELISA results (progressed HEV infection) were reliably identified as HEV infection by the microarray
and constituted a specific infection stage based on the serological microarray profile. Finally, we
calculated an algorithm to identify HEV infection (with PCR positivity as reference) with the highest
accuracy using all serological parameters provided by the microarray (ROC-AUC 0.90, p < 0.005).
Conclusion:
Microarray analysis of HEV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies displays high sensitivity to diagnose
HEV infection, especially in the early phase of the infection, and identifies the progressed infection
stage when PCR from serum already tests negative.
10SITZUNG 3: MIKROBIOLOGIE
V 09 Implementation of bacterial whole genome sequencing at the Austrian National
Reference Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance including an outbreak investigation
of carbapenemase producing E. coli
Linda Jernej, Heidrun Kerschner
University of Salzburg, Austrian National Reference Centre for Antimicrobial, Resistances
Over the past decades a rise in antimicrobial resistances was noticed. Besides the rational use of
antibiotics, developing non-antimicrobial based treatment methods and infection prevention, the WHO
stresses the surveillance and monitoring of transmission and collection of time, place and person data,
as thereby it should be possible to define potential nosocomial outbreaks of resistant bacteria.
Additional to classical phenotypic bacterial description and conventional PCR-based methodologies,
genetic subtypes should be used to define microbes and describe outbreaks. Employing the genome of
bacteria can provide phylogenetic relationships, epidemiologic traits and detailed resistance gene
patterns. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods deliver this information fast and highly accurate.
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) coupled with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) or the superior
core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) are tools based on highly conserved genes to
analyse epidemiological outbreaks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a working NGS
protocol at the NRZ using WGS. The sequencing workflow was established using the Illumina iSeq
100 device, following data analysis with Ridom's software SeqSphere+. Different reference isolates
were sequenced, and as the results yielded sufficient quality thresholds, the implemented protocol was
used to analyse a nosocomial outbreak of carbapenemase producing E. coli at a tertiary care hospital
between July 2018 and November 2019. Eight environmental isolates from effluent drains and five
patient isolates were sequenced. The 13 outbreak isolates were grouped into two clusters based on
cgMLST. MLST assigned sequence types to the clusters: ST167 (n=3) and ST617 (n=10). Specific
transmissions between patients and toilet ducts could be associated based on a minimum spanning tree
analysis. All outbreak isolates were found to have the carbapenemase genes blaNDM-5 and
blaOXA-1. The established NGS workflow proofed to be an efficient method to describe the first
nosocomial NDM-5 positive E. coli outbreak in Austria.
V 10 Kultivierungsfreier Nachweis von Resistenzmarkern in nativen klinischen Proben
mittels anreicherungsbasierter Next Generation DNA-Sequenzierung
R. Martzy (1), I. Ferreira (1), A. C. Materna (1), S. Beisken (1), B. J. H. Frank (2), M. A. Knoll (3), S.
Huber (3), J. G. Hofstaetter (2), J. Weinberger (1)
(1) Ares Genetics GmbH, Vienna, Austria, (2) Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital
Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria, (3) Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck,
Innsbruck, Austria
Antibiotikaresistenzen (AMR) werden zu einem immer größeren medizinischen Problem. Um eine
Trendwende zu erreichen, braucht es neben der Entwicklung neuer Antibiotika auch schnellere und
genauere Diagnostik. Weitgehend ungelöst ist dabei die Erstellung von AMR-Marker-Profilen aus
nativen Proben ohne vorherige Kultivierung. Derzeit verfügbare PCR-basierte Assays können zwar bis
zu zweihundert Marker nachweisen, was aber nur einen Bruchteil des Resistomes ausmacht.
Für ein umfassendes und sensitives Profiling von AMR-Markern in nativen Proben mit hohem
Hintergrund an humaner DNA wurde ein Panel zur selektiven Anreicherung von 7312 Resistenzgenen
und 1906 genetischen Varianten auf Grundlage der kuratierten AMR-Datenbank ARESdb 2020-06-24
entwickelt. Der Next Generation Sequencing Assay wurde für Klebsiella quasipneumoniae,
Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus und Escherichia coli via Spike-in-Experimente in
aseptischen Synovialflüssigkeits- und Harnproben (je 10^1, 10^2, 10^3, 10^4 und 10^5 CFU/ml pro
Spezies und Probenmatrix, gemessen in Duplikaten) hinsichtlich Sensitivität mit metagenomischer
Sequenzierung verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die anreicherungsbasierte Methode im
11Vergleich zur metagenomischen Sequenzierung bis zu 1000-fach sensitiver ist und gleichzeitig eine
weitaus geringere Sequenziertiefe erfordert (z.B. 3.700.000 ± 800.000 Reads im Vergleich zu
19.200.000 ± 3.900.000 Reads ohne Anreicherung). Bei einer Konzentration von 1000 CFU/ml lag die
durchschnittliche Sensitivität für die Markerdetektion bei 91 % für die Harnproben und bei 97 % für
die Synovialflüssigkeiten. Darüber hinaus wurden in einem Pilotprojekt aus 13 septischen Harnproben
mit bestätigter Monoinfektion erfolgreich die AMR-Marker-Profile erstellt. Die Sensitivität des
Assays lag hierbei im Vergleich zu den Resultaten aus den Reinkulturen bei 99 %.
Diese Ergebnisse sind ein wichtiger Schritt in Richtung Kultur-unabhängiger Diagnostik von
bakteriellen Infektionen und der Vorhersage von Antibiotika-Ansprechverhalten, um die Analysedauer
zu verkürzen und die Antibiogramme von nicht-kultivierbaren Spezies charakterisieren zu können.
V 11 Analysis of multiple resistance genes of in vitro induced resistant C. albicans and C.
glabrata using targeted resequencing with multiplex long-range PCR
Kathrin Spettel1, Richard Kriz2, Dominik Bumberger1, Hannah Götz1, Birgit Willinger1
1Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, 2Division
of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Introduction
The rising number of invasive fungal infections like candidemia and deep-seated candidiasis are a
major public health concern as they are associated with a high case fatality rate. In recent years the
reports about antifungal resistant Candida are increasing, which can severely reduce therapeutical
options. Despite this trend, the total number of resistant isolates is still low, which makes detailed
analysis of the resistance mechanisms difficult. Thus, simulating resistance development may be a
valid alternative to counteract rare occurrences.
Aim
The aim of this study is to simulate the resistance development in vitro with susceptible clinical
isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata under antifungal exposure and to determine the underlying
molecular resistance mechanisms against azoles, echinocandins, and 5-flucytosine.
Methods
In this study, resistance to different antifungals will be induced via a high throughput in vitro
resistance development model. 48 susceptible C. albicans and C. glabrata will be exposed to
increasing concentrations of various antifungal agents (anidulafungin, micafungin, fluconazole,
voriconazole and 5-flucytosine) in microwell plates. Afterwards, eight important resistance genes of
the original susceptible and the resistant isolates will be screened for mutations with our in-house
multiplex long-range PCR.
Results
In preliminary results we could generate eight echinocandin-resistant Candida isolates, all of which
showed a target mutation in FKS genes. Interestingly, four independent isolates developed the same
deletion p. Phe659del in the target gene FKS2. These results confirm the importance of target
mutations in FKS genes in echinocandin resistance.
Conclusion
The analysis of resistance development in Candida can provide valuable information concerning
resistance development during exposure to antifungals and the underlying resistance mechanisms. Due
to in vitro modelling, a clearer perspective of potential future situation in relation to increasing
antifungal resistances can be gained.
12V 12 N-chlorotaurine demonstrates potent microbicidal activity against multiresistant
bacteria
Celine Anich, Dorothea Orth-Höller, Michaela Lackner, Markus Nagl
Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Background: N-chlorotaurine is an endogenous antiseptic that can be applied topically as a
well-tolerated anti-infective at many body sites including the bronchopulmonary system via inhalation
because of its mild activity and good tolerability. Considering its application in chronic diseases such
as chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis, we desired to prove its activity against
antibiotic-multiresistant bacteria.
Methods: The microbicidal activity of N-chlorotaurine against relevant antibiotic-multiresistant
bacteria was tested in quantitative killing assays against a panel of clinical isolates.
Results: N-chlorotaurine (1%, 55 mM) reduced the number of CFU of strains of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus, linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis, vancomycin-resistant, and linezolid- and
vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, 3MRGN and 4MRGN Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae by at least 2 log10 steps after 15
min and completely or nearly to the detection limit after 30 min at pH 7.1 and 37°C. The ascending
order, from the lowest to the highest susceptibility was S. aureus, S. epidermidis, A. baumannii and E.
faecium (LVRE) < E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecium (VRE) < K. pneumoniae. Although these
differences were statistically significant, they appear too small for a clinical relevance, and all strains
proved to be fully susceptible.
Conclusions: The activity of N-chlorotaurine against these clinical isolates proved to be similar to that
against non-resistant ATCC strains and therefore not to be influenced by antibiotic resistance. This can
be explained by the oxidizing and chlorinating mechanism of action of N-chlorotaurine, which leads to
an attack of multiple targets in the microorganisms. Therefore, the antiseptic is of advantage to
antibiotics when topical treatment is estimated as sufficient.
V 13 Microbiology analytics and clinical tool for reporting pathogens and AMR
Koller Walter1, Adlassnig Klaus-Peter1, 2, Thalhammer Florian1, Willinger Birgit1, Rappelsberger
Andrea1, 2
1 Medical University of Vienna, 2 Medexter Healthcare Vienna
Background: Antimicrobial therapy correctness, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as well as adverse
events prevention are of increasing clinical and epidemiological importance. Hence, antimicrobial
stewardship programs (ASPs) rely on monitoring, analyzing, and reporting of microbiological test
results which can effectively be supported by information technology (IT).
Material/methods: At the University Hospital Vienna (UHV), antimicrobial stewardship involves
many stakeholders: clinicians, laboratory and infection control personnel, hospital and quality
management, epidemiologists, and researchers. In such a diverse environment, computer-based
support is essential. Over the last years, a versatile server- and web-application-based software, called
Momo (monitoring of microorganisms), was developed and put into operation. A large array of
antimicrobial stewardship demands could thus be met.
Results: Momo is in routine operation since September 2018. It receives all relevant data on bacteria,
fungi, PCR, serology, toxins, and microscopy from the UHV's microbiology laboratory. Momo
provides support through (a) single patient overviews, (b) customizable queries with full
microbiological data, (c) frequency distributions of the selected parameters, (d) graphically displaying
AMR patterns, and (e) displaying AMR changes over time. Careful consideration was given to the
terminology system. A specific module supports timely management of main terms, synonyms,
changes in taxonomy, and multiple superordinate concepts. In its new release, Momo can be accessed
13with one click from the UHV's intensive care information systems as well as from the UHV's overall
hospital information system. Patient- as well as ward-specific microbiological results may be
displayed.
At present, more than 1.7 million reports are available for analysis.
Conclusions: Momo is well integrated and increasingly used in UHV; at present several hundred
times a week. Versatile analytic tools (patient- as well as epidemiology-oriented) combined with one
click access make it an effective ASP supporting tool for daily clinical use.
SITZUNG 4: UMWELTHYGIENE
V 14 Environment and health: Assessing technology-critical elements in urban spheres
Daniela Haluza1, Philipp Spörl2, Aron Göndör3, Johanna Irrgeher4, Thomas Prohaska4, Simone
Trimmel4, Bernhard Scharf2, Dominik Wiedenhofer5, André Baumgart5, Anne Kasper-Giebl3, Leo
Capari1, Ulrike Pitha2
1 Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090
Vienna, Austria, 2 Department of Civil Engineering and Natural Hazards, Institute of Soil Bioengineering and Landscape
Construction, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria, 3
Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria, 4 General and
Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria, 5 Department of Economics
and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU),
Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
Given the boom in new technologies, technology-critical elements (TCEs) including germanium,
gallium, indium and others are increasingly released into the environment. However, scientific
evidence is lacking regarding quantities, environmental cycles, and potential health hazards. The
research project TecEUS - Technology-Critical Elements in Urban Spheres aims to assess the release,
exposure, and accumulation of selected TCEs in the urban environment of Vienna. One major
motivation is to systematically explore the effectiveness of urban green façades as filters for TCEs and
their potential as human health preventive measure. A mobile module-based wind tunnel (WT) was
developed to investigate the interaction between airborne particulate matter (PM) and various surface
structures. The external dimensions were 4.33 m × 1.96 m × 1.73 m (lwh). The tunnel provided a
cross-section of 0.40 m × 1.10 m (wh) and a total volume of 2.84 m3. An exchangeable test section in
the WT offered a vertical area of one square meter to introduce variable installations. We measured
atmospheric parameters (temperature, humidity, flow speeds and flow directions). Losses of ambient
PM within the blank tunnel were less than 10% for particle counts (>0.25 µm), while smaller losses
were obtained for PM1 and PM2.5. Due to the modular design, the WT could be divided into seven
segments enabling flexibility in setting, easy transport and set up at different locations. So, real-time
and long-term collection of ambient air pollutions on plant surfaces located in the WT allows for
determining TCE detection.
The TecEUS project is funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF Stand-alone Project: P 33099-N.
https://www.teceus.at/.
Publication: Spörl P, Göndör A, Irrgeher J, Prohaska T, Trimmel S, Capari L, Haluza D, Scharf B,
Kasper-Giebl A, Pitha U. Development of a Mobile Module-Based Wind Tunnel for the Determination
of Collection Efficiencies of Particulate Matter on Surface Structures. Sustainability. 2021;
13(17):9565. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179565
14V 15 „Was ich nicht weiß, macht mich nicht heiß!“ Warum es in Österreich so schwer ist,
verlässliche Daten zu bekommen.
Hanns Moshammer, Hans-Peter Hutter
Abteilung für Umwelthygiene und Umweltmedizin, ZPH, Medizinische Universität Wien
Als ich frisch an der Uni zu arbeiten begonnen hatte, las ich eine Arbeit aus den USA, die einen
zeitlichen Zusammenhang zwischen der Trübung des Rohwassers eines Trinkwassersystems und den
Verkaufszahlen für Medikamente gegen Durchfall zeigte. Das interessierte mich, weil ich noch aus
meiner Tätigkeit beim Wiener Gesundheitsamt wusste, dass auch für das Wiener Wasser regelmäßige
Befunddaten vorliegen. Ich war daher enttäuscht als mir mitgeteilt wurde, dass Daten zur
Wasserqualität keine Umweltdaten seien sondern dem Betriebsgeheimnis unterliegen. Doch wie zum
Ausgleich lernte ich auch, dass die Gebietskrankenkasse zwar Daten zu
Medikamentenverschreibungen hätte, diese aber (aus Datenschutzgründen – ich hätte eh nur anonyme
tägliche Fallzahlen gebraucht!) nicht weitergeben könne.
„hamma net“ oder „derf ma net“ begleiten mich seither seit über 20 Jahren. „Ist dies schon Wahnsinn,
so hat es doch Methode.“, möchte man mit Shakespeare sagen. Wo es Daten gibt, werden sie als
Schatz behütet. Und seinen Schatz kann man doch nicht mit anderen teilen! Aber häufiger noch wird
gleich darauf verzichtet, Daten auf vergleichbare und interpretierbare Art zu sammeln. Wer weiß,
vielleicht ergäbe sich aus den Daten ja gar ein Hinweis, dass irgendwas verbesserungswürdig ist!
Dieser Vortrag soll mit abwechslungsreichen Beispielen aus einer langen Forscher-Karriere das
Problem beleuchten.
Beispiele umfassen Vorbehalte von Personen an Beobachtungsstudien teilzunehmen, die seltsamen
Wege und Wirrnisse, um zu Daten bei der Statistik Austria zu kommen, selbst wenn es sich um
anonyme Daten handelt, Das komplette Unverständnis von Krankenversicherungen, wenn man sie
nach ihren Daten fragt, oder auch die unvollständigen Daten, die uns bei der Einordnung des
Geschehens im Zuge der COVID-19 Pandemie geplagt haben.
V 16 5G - The Next Generation: eine Reise in die Endlichkeit unseres Wissens
Hans-Peter Hutter
Abteilung für Umwelthygiene und Umweltmedizin, Zentrum für Public Health, Medizinische Universität Wien
Einführung: Die Vision der fünften Generation Telekommunikationstechnologie 5G basiert auf der
Bereitstellung großer Mengen an Multimedia-Inhalten in Echtzeit überall und jederzeit. Dazu sind u.a.
höhere Frequenzen und größere Bandbreiten im hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Bereich (6-100
GHz; „Millimeterwellen“ MMW) erforderlich und aufgrund der kürzeren Reichweiten auch der
Ausbau eines dichtes, kleinzelliges Netzes von abertausenden Antennen, einschließlich umfangreicher
Batterie Backup-Systeme. Aufgrund der großen, praktisch lückenlosen Exposition der Bevölkerung ist
die Frage zu klären, ob und wie sich MWW auf die Gesundheit auswirken können.
Methode: In einer Übersicht werden relevante Publikationen dargestellt, wobei nach Studientyp,
untersuchtes biologisches Material, biologischer Endpunkt, Exposition (Häufigkeit, Expositionsdauer,
Intensität) unterschieden wird.
Ergebnisse: Rund 100 relevante Publikationen, die in vivo- oder in vitro-Studien im 6-100
GHz-Bereich beschreiben, sind derzeit abrufbar. Zu den Bereichen bis 30 GHz und über 90 GHz
fanden sich kaum Studien. Hauptsächlich wurden Studien im Frequenzbereich 30-65 GHz
durchgeführt.
Überwiegend wurden in-vivo- und in vitro-Studien biologische Reaktionen auf die jeweilige
Exposition beobachtet. Die Reaktionen betrafen alle untersuchten biologischen Endpunkte (u.a.
histologische, neurologische sowie temperaturabhängige Reaktionen).
15Schlussfolgerungen: Die Qualität der Studien ist sehr unterschiedlich (viele halten heutigen
methodischen Standards nicht mehr stand) und sind nur hinsichtlich des Frequenzbereiches mit 5G
vergleichbar.
Zur Frage der nicht-thermischen Effekte existieren derzeit keine eindeutigen Erklärungen zum
Wirkungsmechanismus. Ebenso wenig lässt sich eine gesundheitliche Beurteilung für MMW generell
ableiten.
Da es sich zwar um Studien im MMW-Bereich handelt, jedoch bisher keine einzige verfügbar ist, die
auch mit den technischen Details hinsichtlich Modulation etc. des neue Mobilfunkstandard
durchgeführt wurde, kann jedenfalls keine Prognose bzgl. gesundheitlicher Auswirkungen von 5G
abgegeben werden.
Angesichts der vorhandenen Datenlage, auch zu den älteren Mobilfunkgenerationen, des Mangels an
relevanten Expositionsstandards, des Mangels an Forschung und der potenziell ubiquitären
Verbreitung mit einer Exposition der gesamten Bevölkerung ist ein strikt vorsorgeorientiertes
Vorgehen aus Public Health-Sicht unumgänglich.
V 17 Forschungsprojekt LUQUASTA: Emissions- und Immissionsmessungen von
Bioaerosolen
Michael Kropsch, Theresa Fritz, Juliana Habib, Herbert Galler, Peter Pless, Franz Ferdinand
Reinthaler, Martin Stonitsch, Dietmar Öttl, Eduard Zentner, Doris Haas
HBLFA Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Institut für Tier, Technik & Umwelt, Irdning-Donnersbachtal, Österreich, D&F Institut für
Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Umweltmedizin, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, ZWT, Graz, Österreich, Abteilung 8 Gesundheit und
Pflege, Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, Graz, Österreich, Abteilung 15 Energie, Wohnbau, Technik, Amt der
Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, Graz, Österreich
Bei Baubewilligungs- bzw. Beschwerdeverfahren im Zusammenhang mit landwirtschaftlicher
Nutztierhaltung sind regelmäßig Geruchsimmissionen und Lärmimmissionen, zur Wahrung der
Nachbarrechte, zu beurteilen; eine Mitbetrachtung der Immissionen von Bioaerosolen ist in der Praxis
bis dato selten. Um in diesem sensiblen Bereich für zukünftige Gutachtensanfragen verlässliches
Datenmaterial bereitstellen zu können, wurde das Forschungskooperationsprojekt LUQUASTA
durchgeführt.
Das Ziel des dreijährigen Projekts (Start 2018) bestand darin, den Istzustand an Emissionen und
Immissionen von Bioaerosolen im Umfeld von Tierhaltungsbetrieben zu erheben; der Fokus lag dabei
auf der Ermittlung der Gesamtbakterien- und der Staphylokokkenkonzentration, die als Leitparameter
gelten. Zur Evaluierung der ermittelten Immissionsbelastung wurden Ausbreitungsrechnungen für die
atmosphärische Bioaerosol-Verfrachtung mit dem Modell GRAL/GRAMM durchgeführt. Je zwei
steirische Schweine- und Geflügelmastbetriebe konnten für die umfangreichen Messreihen gewonnen
werden.
Zur Ableitung anlagenspezifischer Emissionsfaktoren wurden aus den Abluftkaminen, über Dach, die
Bioaerosole mittels Impinger gesammelt und der Abluftvolumenstrom sowie stallspezifische
Parameter (Tieranzahl, Güllemanagement, Fütterung etc.) dokumentiert. Die Immissionsmessungen
fanden in definierten Abständen vom Stallgebäude, mittels Impingern und Impaktoren, in mehreren
Sektoren in Windrichtung sowie an der windabgewandten Seite statt. Die Messstelle im Lee spiegelt
die jeweilige lokale Hintergrundkonzentration wieder.
Je Messtag (n=32) wurden in der Regel zwei Messserien durchgeführt; in Summe gelangten 72 zur
Auswertung. Die mittleren Emissionsfaktoren der beprobten Schweinemastbetriebe liegen bei 1,1x105
KBE/(GV*s) für Gesamtbakterien und bei 1,6x105 KBE(GV*s) für Staphylokokken. Für die
Geflügelmastbetriebe wurden für Gesamtbakterien ein Emissionsfaktor von 4,6x106 KBE/(GV*s) und
für die Staphylokokken ein Faktor von 3,0x106 KBE(GV*s) errechnet. Die Validierung der
Immissionsmessungen mittels GRAL/GRAMM ergab einen Zusammenhäng zwischen Emission und
Immission bei den untersuchten Mastgeflügelbetrieben, jedoch nicht bei den Schweinebetrieben.
16V 18a Emission and immission measurements of bioaerosols in the area of pig fattening
farms
Doris Haas1, Juliana Habib1, Michael Kropsch2, Franz Ferdinand Reinthaler1, Martin Stonitsch1,
Eduard Zentner2, Herbert Galler1
1 D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria, 2 AREC
Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Institute for Livestock, Technology & Environment, Irdning-Donnersbachtal, Austria
Emissions from animal stables takes place via the exhaust air and the potentially variable
concentrations of microorganisms spread into the ambient air. The aim of this study was to determine
the status of emissions and immissions of bioaerosols in the area of two pig fattening farms (BA1,
BA2). For the assessment, the local background concentration of the bioaerosols in the ambient air
was taken as reference value.
The measurements were carried out with impingement and impaction method. Based on VDI
guidelines, total bacteria, staphylococci including Stapyhylococcus aureus were examined as indicator
parameters.
At the pig stables BA1 and BA2, the median total bacterial concentrations in the emission via
impingement were 2.6x106 CFU/m3 and 1.9x105 CFU/m3, respectively. In the immission, depending
on the distance of the measuring location, the values at BA1 were between 9.8x102 CFU/m3 and
2.7x103 CFU/m3 which were lower than those at BA2.
The median concentrations of staphylococci in the emission of BA1 and BA2 were 4.4x105 CFU/m3
and 3.4x104 CFU/m3. The immission values of staphylococci were higher at BA2 with 5.9x102
CFU/m3 and 1.6x103 CFU/m3 than at BA1. In the ambient air of agricultural production areas where
livestock is present, the total bacterial concentrations are between 2.0x103 and 1.5x104 CFU/m3 and
staphylococci concentrations between 8.0x102 and 3.5x103 CFU/m3.
Based on the emission values, there was a reduction of two to four-fold in bacterial concentrations in
the immissions of the two animal stables examined. Background concentrations may vary in
magnitude due to other emission sources. The genus Staphylococcus spp. is better suited as an
indicator parameter for the assessment of immission than total bacteria, because this genus is part of
the normal flora of the skin and mucous membranes of the animals and occurs in relatively constant
concentrations in the emission.
V 18b Emission and immission measurements of bioaerosols in the area of two poultry
fattening farms
Herbert Galler1, Theresa Fritz1, Juliana Habib1, Michael Kropsch3, Peter Pless2, Franz Ferdinand
Reinthaler1, Martin Stonitsch1, Eduard Zentner3, Doris Haas1
1 D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria, 2 Department
of Veterinary Direction of the Styrian Government, Austria, 3 AREC Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Institute for Livestock,
Technology & Environment, Irdning-Donnersbachtal, Austria
Stable-specific microorganisms can serve as indicators for bioaerosol emissions from farms and for
the distribution of bioaerosols in the environment.
The aim of this study was to use total bacteria and staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus
concentrations as key parameters for emission and immission measurements. Two Styrian poultry
fattening farms (BA3, BA4) were selected for the investigations and the bioaerosol measurements
were taken with impingement and impaction methods.
The results show the median total bacteria concentrations of 4.7x107 CFU/m3 in the emission at BA3
and 2.1x107 CFU/m3 at BA4. In the immission, the values of BA3 and BA4 from the impingement
were 2.0x103 CFU/m3 and .0x103 CFU/m3; compared with the background values of about 3.0x103
CFU/m3. The median concentration of staphylococci in the emission at BA3 was 2.0x107 CFU/m3;
those of the immissions were between 1.1x103 CFU/m3 and 2.6x103 CFU/m3. The background
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