The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...

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The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
The biodiversity of Green roofs :
 From research to action –

 Switzerland

 Dr. Stephan Brenneisen
 Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften ZHAW
 Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie

Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris
                                       Friday March 16, 2018
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
   Research 1 & 2 in Basel and Switzerland
   Action 1: Campaigning green roofs
   Action 2: Planning green roofs & norms
     Urban ecological approach

     Green roofs for biodiversity

                Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences   2
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
Research 1:
1st Test site 1995-2000: Stormwater management

        76.5%                                                                 12 cm
                                     62.8%            43.1%

   56.4%                             54.2%                                    8 cm
                                                       35.4%

47.4%                                                                         5 cm
                                 45.5%                   25.8%

 «Roof soil (30% organic content)»      Lava-pumise            sandy gravel
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
Research 1:
Lessons learned

The more water the
substrate can store,
the more biomass you
will get on the roof:

Your habitat will be
determined by the
substrate type and
thickness

                                                                                   Source: ZHAW
                        Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences              4
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
Research 1:

    16 primary test sites, Basel: large scale

                                                         Dr. Stephan Brenneisen
                                            Zurich University of Applied Sciences
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
Bioindication – pitfall trapping of beetles

                    Bioindicator

                       Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences

                                                                                  6
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
Research 1:
Technopark

 Anthicidae (Blumenkäfer)                     Carabidae (Laufkäfer)                                                            Chrysomelidae (Blattkäfer)                Curculionidae
                                                                                                                                                                         (Rüsselkäfer)

Anthicus                                       Amar Bembidio  Bembidion        Lionychus      Poecilu Pseudooph          Aphthona          Chaetocnem      Longitarsus
antherinu                                      a     n        quadrimaculatu   quadrillu      s       o‐nus              nonstriata        a hortensis     luridus
s                                              aene  femoratu m                m              cupreu  griseus
Hydrophilidae (Wasserfreunde)                  a     m                                        s
                                                                                           Staphylinidae   (Kurzflügel‐Käfer)
                                              Lathridiidae (Moderkäfer)

Helophorus                                                Cortinicara                      Aleochara   Aleochara   Aloconota   Gabrius     Paederu       Philonthus                      Scopaeu
nubilus                                                   gibbosa                          bilineata   intricata   gregaria    brevivent   s             umbratilis                      s
                                                                                                                               er          fuscipes                                      laevigatu
                                                                                                                                                                                         s

 Scopaeus      Tachyporus      Tachyporu   Tachyporu
 sulcicollis   chrysomelinus   s           s nitidulus                    The beetle fauna of green roofs correlates highly with the soil and
                               hypnorum
                                                                          vegetation conditions
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
Research 1:
Wollishofen 3

  Apionidae (Spitzmausrüssler)                                                                   Carabidae (Laufkäfer)                                                                      Chrysomelidae (Blattkäfer)

   Cyanapio      Ischnopter    Protapio      Protapion     Squamapio        Squamapio    Amara      Clivina                Dyschiriu     Panagae       Poecilu Pseudooph  Pterostichu                    Chaetocnema Chrysolina       Cryptocep
   n spencii     a‐            n fulvipes    trifolii      n                n            lunicollis fossor                 s             us            s       o‐nus      s ovoideus                     hortensis   haemopter        halus
                 pion virens                               atomarium        flavimanu                                      globosus      cruxmajo      cupreu griseus                                                a                moraei
                                                                            mCoccinellidae (Marienkäfer)                                 r            Curculionidae
                                                                                                                                                       s              (Rüsselkäfer)

   Galeruca      Longitarsu    Longitarsus   Longitarsus   Phyllotreta      Coccinella          Scymnu         Scymnu        Tytthaspis              Brachyper    Hypera    Otiorhynchu   Otiorhynchu      Rhinocyllu    Rhinoncu        Sciaphilus
   pomona        s luridus     pratensis     rubiginosus   tetrastigma      sep‐                s              s             sede‐                   a zoilus     miles     s pinastri    s porcatus       s conicus     s castor        asperatus
   e                                                                        tempunctata         frontalis      suturalis     cimpunctata
                                 Dryopidae                               Elateridae (Schnellkäfer)                 Hydrophilidae (Wasserfreunde)                     Melyridae                               Nitidulidae (Glanzkäfer)
                                 (Hakenkäfer)                                                                                                                        (Wollhaarkäfer)

Trichosirocalu                   Dryops                                  Agriote                                   Cercyon                                         Dolichosoma                            Epuraea         Meligeth       Meligeth
s troglodytes                    ernesti                                 s                                         convexiusculus                                  lineare                                mel‐            es aeneus      es
                                                                         lineatus                                                                                                                         anocephala                     carinulatu
  Phalacridae                         Pselaphidae                                   Scarabaeidae                                    Staphylinidae (Kurzflügel‐                                                                           s

  (Glattkäfer)                        (Palpenkäfer)                                 (Blatthornkäfer)                                Käfer)

  Olibrus                                                                           Aphodius      Onthophagu                           Amisch     Amischa             Carpelimus   Carpelimus Falagria    Ocypus        Ocyp    Philonthus        Platydracu
  corticalis                                                                        erraticus     s ovatus                             a analis   nigrofusc           corticinus   gracilis   sulcatul    aen‐          us      carbonari         s
                                                                                                                                                  a                                           a           eocephalus    olens   us                stercorari
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  us
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
Research 1:
Migros

Anthicidae (Blumenkäfer)      Carabidae (Laufkäfer)

Anthicus                       Amar Bembidio  Bembidion
antherinu                      a     n        quadrimaculatu
s                              aene  femoratu m
                               a     m
                              Lathridiidae (Moderkäfer)           Staphylinidae (Kurzflügel‐Käfer)

                                          Cortinicara            Aleochara
                                          gibbosa                bilineata

Scopaeus      Tachyporus
sulcicollis   chrysomelinus                               The beetle fauna of green roofs correlates highly with the soil and
                                                          vegetation conditions
The biodiversity of Green roofs : From research to action - Switzerland - Amphitheater of the roof of the Grande Arche, Paris Friday March 16 ...
Number of Beetle species on the investigated Green roos in
                                           Basel and Lucerne (Source: BRENNEISEN 2003)

                                  Basel 1999                                                                                                                                    Basel 2000                                                                                                                   Basel 2001                                                                                                   Luzern 2001
                         90
Number of species

                                                                                                        79
                         80
                         70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           61
                                                                                                                                                                  58
     (total)

                         60                                                                                                             54                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  52
                                                                                                                                                     50
                         50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   46                                                              45
                                                                                                                                   42
                         40                                      36                      35                        36                                                                                                                                                                               36                             35
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  33                                                                                                                                                                                                  33
                         30                                                     26                                                                                                                                                                                                                             25                                                 27
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     24
                               18                                                                                                                                                                                             17                                                     16                                                                                                                                                                                                    18
                         20                      15
                                                                                                                                                                                  12                                                                14                                                                                                                                                                                 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  15
                                                                                                                                                                                                          9                                                                                                                                                                                                                10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             8
                         10
                          0
(Red Data Book listed)
   Number of species

                         14
                         12
                         10
                          8
                          6
                          4
                          2
                          0

                                  1                 6               1            3          3           10           7             6    19           19            19                 2                     2                       2                  1               2                2           11             3                  1                 2           5          3                3              16            5           6         4          6        10      10           20

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nordtangente (K II)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Nordtangente (K III)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Grenzhof

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      SUVA
                              Nordtangente (K)

                                                                                                                                                                                 Nordtangente (K I)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Nordtangente (E)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Nordtangente (E)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hubelmatt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Nordtangente (K)
                                                                                                                                                                  Rheinfelden

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Raeber
                                                                 Rossetti-Bau

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Sonnenberg

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Würzenbach
                                                 Unibibliothek

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Rossetti-Bau

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Rossetti-Bau
                                                                                Migros

                                                                                                        Rhypark

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Kunsthalle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Rhypark

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Migros
                                                                                                                  Kanti Liestal

                                                                                                                                  UBS

                                                                                                                                        Caféteria

                                                                                                                                                    Klinikum II

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Peter Merian-Haus

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Kunsthalle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Pathologie

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Stadthaus
                                                                                         Gym. Liestal

                              Beetle      species (family)
                               Käfer-Familien                                                                                                                                   Vegetation       cover
                                                                                                                                                                                Vegetationsbedeckung                                                                                                         Age   ofinGreen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Dachalter Jahren roof
                                                      Carabidae                                                                                                                                                             < 25%                                                                                  3

                                                      Staphylinidae                                                                                                                                           25 - 50%
                                                      Curculionidae                                                                                                                                          50 - 75%
                                                     sonstige Familien                                                                                                                                                      > 75%

                                                                                                                                               Dr. Stephan Brenneisen
                                                                                                                                  Zurich University of Applied Sciences
Action 1: Campaigning green roofs

Scaling up
From Pilot to Mainstream
Source: Theodore H. Osmundson
Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences                              12
Action 1: Campaigning green roofs

How to make it
happen?

Campaigns
Legistlations
Processes

                                                       Basel: 1st Green roof campaign 1996‐98

                       Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied
                                         Sciences
Action 1: Campaigning green roofs

            Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences   14
MOST CITIES IN SWITZERLAND
                                                      NEW APPROACH OF LANDSCAPE
IMPLEMENT GREEN ROOFS AS
                                                      TRANSFORMATION – HABITAT TRANSFER
MANDATORY IN THE BUILDING CODE
 Basel          Winterthur
 Zurich         Berne
 St. Gallen     etc
 Lucerne

                 Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences
Research 2:
Seewasserwerk
Moos, Wollishofen
Wollishofen, Zurich          A «World Wonder» of ecological
                              construction, built 1914
                              Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences   17

An Orchid meadow with a
high nature conservation
value:

10 orchid species (>
30’000 individuals)
•and   many other rare
plants from the former
meadows of the region
could survive the last
century on the roofs, while
most of them got extinct
in the surrounding areas
Kantonsspital
St. Gallen

Orchid roof concept
Research 2:
Gardening?    Ecosystem services?

                                    21
Research unit Urban Ecology
Green roofs       high and low tec

          Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona
SIA Norm 312 Begrünung von Dächern   Stephan Brenneisen ZHAW
Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie
Planung von Dachbegrünungen: Projekte

                                        Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona
Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie
Planung von Dachbegrünungen: Projekte

                                        Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona
SIA Norm 312 Begrünung von Dächern   Stephan Brenneisen ZHAW
Photovoltaik & Dachbegrünung   Dr. Stephan Brenneisen ZHAW
Fotos: Stephan Brenneisen

In nature many varying
factors are under ground –
on green roofs you have to
creat the variation
differently...
Bretagne

 29
Action 2: Implementation, second step
Habitat guideline for green roofs of Basel, Switzerland

                                                 Based on the eco-
                                                 faunistical studies
                                                 (and according to
                                                 the federal law:
                                                 NHG, natural and
                                                 cultural heritage
                                                 requirements) the
                                                 habitat guideline
                                                 for green roofs
                                                 could be
                                                 established:

                                                 •   Three different
                                                     substrate thickness
                                                     (9, 12, 15 cm).
                                                     Average of 12 cm
                                                 •   Locale based
                                                     substrate
                                                     compositions
                                                 •   only native plants
+ use of different materials

Konzept: Stephan Brenneisen, Gestaltung Sybille Erni
Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences   34
Action 2:
Planning green roofs & norms

Barcelona (competition)

        Quelle: Daniel Tigges Architekten
Source: Google Maps

Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences                36
Projekt RIVA Basel
Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie
Planung von Dachbegrünungen: Projekte

                                        Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona
Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences   39
Forschungsgruppe Stadtökologie
Planung von Dachbegrünungen: Projekte

                                        Projektwettbewerb Museum Blau in Barcelona
SIA Norm 312 Begrünung von Dächern Stephan Brenneisen ZHAW
Substratprinzip: Eigenschaften

 Dachbegrünungen                                                 Externe Einflussgrössen
                                                    Verkehr,
 als selbstregulierende                             Industrie,
 Ökosysteme?              Niederschlag              Heizungen        Aus externen, anthropogenen
                                                                     Quellen (Verkehr etc.) werden
                                                                     Nähr-und Schadstoffe auf die
                                         Stäube,                     Dachbegrünung eingetragen.
                                         Pollen                      Düngerzugaben können ein zu
                                                                     schnelles Wachstum auslösen
                                           Dünger                    und dadurch kontraproduktiv sein

                                          ?                      Substrat als wichtigster Faktor

                                                                     Geeignete Substrate ermöglichen
                                                                     Dachbegrünungen, die selbstregu-
                                                                     lierende Ökosysteme darstellen,
                                                                     wesentlich sind dabei:
                                                                      Korngrössenzusammensetzung
                                                                      pH-Wert
                                                                      Einrichtungsart
             Vegetation
                                                                 Anzustrebende Ziele
       Bodenfauna
                                                                     Geschlossener Kreislauf
                                                                     Vegetation-Bodenfauna-Substrat
          Substrat                                                   Minimierung des Stoffaustrages/
                                                                     Nähr- und Schadstoffbindung
                                                      Gewässer
   We need research to get data and information needed
   We need actions, campaignes to get green roofs from Pilot
    to Mainstream
   We need mandatory building codes, norms (and controls!)
    to support green roofs, urban ecosystems, biodiversity –
    with a critical eye on the definition “how a green roof must
    look like and/or serve for the ecosystem”

                  Stephan Brenneisen Zurich University of Applied Sciences   44
Research 3:
long term study

  Apionidae (Spitzmausrüssler)                                                                   Carabidae (Laufkäfer)                                                                      Chrysomelidae (Blattkäfer)

   Cyanapio      Ischnopter    Protapio      Protapion     Squamapio        Squamapio    Amara      Clivina                Dyschiriu     Panagae       Poecilu Pseudooph  Pterostichu                    Chaetocnema Chrysolina       Cryptocep
   n spencii     a‐            n fulvipes    trifolii      n                n            lunicollis fossor                 s             us            s       o‐nus      s ovoideus                     hortensis   haemopter        halus
                 pion virens                               atomarium        flavimanu                                      globosus      cruxmajo      cupreu griseus                                                a                moraei
                                                                            mCoccinellidae (Marienkäfer)                                 r            Curculionidae
                                                                                                                                                       s              (Rüsselkäfer)

   Galeruca      Longitarsu    Longitarsus   Longitarsus   Phyllotreta      Coccinella          Scymnu         Scymnu        Tytthaspis              Brachyper    Hypera    Otiorhynchu   Otiorhynchu      Rhinocyllu    Rhinoncu        Sciaphilus
   pomona        s luridus     pratensis     rubiginosus   tetrastigma      sep‐                s              s             sede‐                   a zoilus     miles     s pinastri    s porcatus       s conicus     s castor        asperatus
   e                                                                        tempunctata         frontalis      suturalis     cimpunctata
                                 Dryopidae                               Elateridae (Schnellkäfer)                 Hydrophilidae (Wasserfreunde)                     Melyridae                               Nitidulidae (Glanzkäfer)
                                 (Hakenkäfer)                                                                                                                        (Wollhaarkäfer)

Trichosirocalu                   Dryops                                  Agriote                                   Cercyon                                         Dolichosoma                            Epuraea         Meligeth       Meligeth
s troglodytes                    ernesti                                 s                                         convexiusculus                                  lineare                                mel‐            es aeneus      es
                                                                         lineatus                                                                                                                         anocephala                     carinulatu
  Phalacridae                         Pselaphidae                                   Scarabaeidae                                    Staphylinidae (Kurzflügel‐                                                                           s

  (Glattkäfer)                        (Palpenkäfer)                                 (Blatthornkäfer)                                Käfer)

  Olibrus                                                                           Aphodius      Onthophagu                           Amisch     Amischa             Carpelimus   Carpelimus Falagria    Ocypus        Ocyp    Philonthus        Platydracu
  corticalis                                                                        erraticus     s ovatus                             a analis   nigrofusc           corticinus   gracilis   sulcatul    aen‐          us      carbonari         s
                                                                                                                                                  a                                           a           eocephalus    olens   us                stercorari
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  us
«ongoing communication, education….»
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