General View on Electro Mobility A European Perspective Point of View per Q1/2015
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General View on Electro Mobility A European Perspective Point of View per Q1/2015 2. Entwurf, März 2015 Hinweis: Sprache weitgehend Englisch Kontakt: BridgingIT GmbH Detlef Schumann Tel.: +49 (0) 152-5669 4008 E-Mail: detlef.schumann@bridging-it.de PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Seite 1/40
Table of Content
Vorbemerkung (Deutsch) ................................................................................................ 3
Management Summary (Deutsch) ................................................................................... 4
1. Electro Mobility in Europe – Policy Frame ................................................................ 5
1.1 Horizon 2020 ...................................................................................................................................5
1.1.1 Smart, Green and Integrated Transport - Overview...............................................................5
1.1.2 Smart, Green and Integrated Transport - Work program..................................................... 6
1.1.3 Horizon Calls on electro mobility ........................................................................................... 8
1.2 Digital Agenda for Europe ............................................................................................................. 9
1.3 Mobility and Transport - TEN-T ............................................................................................... 13
1.3.1 EU to support development of electric vehicle transport roads in northern Europe ......... 13
1.3.2 Innovation & Networks Executive Agency ............................................................................ 14
2. Electro Mobility Projects in Europe ......................................................................... 16
2.1 Grid for Vehicles ............................................................................................................................ 16
2.2 ELVIRE .......................................................................................................................................... 18
2.3 CROME .......................................................................................................................................... 19
2.4 EDISON......................................................................................................................................... 20
2.5 E-Mobility Italy.............................................................................................................................. 21
2.6 Seine Aval Véhicules Electriques (France) ................................................................................... 21
2.7 e-DASH ......................................................................................................................................... 22
2.8 E-Moving....................................................................................................................................... 22
2.9 Green eMotion .............................................................................................................................. 23
2.10 Freveu ............................................................................................................................................ 24
2.11 ZeEUS - Zero Emission Urban Bus System ................................................................................ 26
2.12 MOBI.Europe .................................................................................................................................27
2.12.1 Mobi.E (Portugal) ...................................................................................................................27
2.12.2 Mobi.E (Ireland) .................................................................................................................... 28
2.12.3 Mobi.E (Netherland) ............................................................................................................. 28
2.12.4 Mobi.E (Spain) ....................................................................................................................... 29
2.13 PlanGridVE – Mass roll-out of EV’s with DER integration ....................................................... 30
2.14 DG CONNECT - Projects............................................................................................................... 31
3. Industrie-Aktivitäten außerhalb der EC .................................................................. 33
3.1 AVERE - European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles .............. 33
3.2 eMI3 ................................................................................................................................................35
3.3 Paneuropäische eRoaming Initiative .......................................................................................... 36
4. Schlussfolgerung und Empfehlung .......................................................................... 37
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 2/40
Vorbemerkung (Deutsch)
Auslöser zur Erstellung dieses Dokumentes war ein Vorgespräch im Rahmen der Quartalspräsentation
im Ressortkreis vom 14.01.2015 mit Frau Hofman (BMWi). Es scheint sinnvoll und erforderlich die
Aktivitäten zur Elektromobilität im europäischen Kontext zu betrachten, da erste Erkenntnisse aus
diversen Projekten aufzeigen, dass weder Lösungsansätze einzelner Akteure als auch der Bedarf an
Standardisierung an Landesgrenzen enden. Das Thema muss mind. auf europäischer Ebene betrachtet
werden und in gewissen Bereichen auch vor einem globalen Hintergrund – Hier speziell das Thema der
Standardisierung. Dies soll jedoch hier kein Fokus sein.
Ein weiterer Auslöser zur Intensivierung der Europäischen Aktivitäten besteht in der Verpflichtung aus
der Richtlinie 2014/94 der Europäischen Kommission vom 22. Oktober 2014 über den Aufbau der
Infrastruktur für alternative Kraftstoffe. (Link zur Quelle). Zur Umsetzung dieser Richtlinien heißt es:
„Die Mitgliedstaaten setzen die Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften in Kraft, die erforderlich sind, um
dieser Richtlinie spätestens bis zum 18. November 2016 nachzukommen“.
Im Rahmen dieser Richtlinie sind diverse Maßnahmen erforderlich zu denen es notwendig ist, diese
aktuell zu beobachten und im Kontext einer gesamteuropäischen Entwicklung zu bewerten.
Dieses Dokumentes hat die Zielsetzung, einen Überblick über den Stand der Entwicklungen im Kontext
der Elektromobilität zu geben:
- welche Akrivitäten
- von welchen Akteuern
- mit welchem Reifegrad in der Umsetzung
betrieben werden. Eine Empfehlung zur Umsetzung der EU-Richtlinie ist nicht thematisiert.
Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen haben keinen Anspruch auf 100% Vollständigkeit ermöglichen aber
Handlungsalternativen fundiert zu diskutieren.
Das nachfolgende Dokument wurde auf Grund der internationalen Ausrichtung und der Verwendung
von externen Quellen überwiegend in Englisch verfasst.
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 3/40
Management Summary (Deutsch)
Arbeitsweise und administrative Prozesse der Europäischen Kommission sind keineswegs einfach zu
verstehen und darstellbar. Die in diesem Dokument aufgelisteten Elemente beschreiben die
wesentlichen Aktivitäten der EC in drei unterschiedlichen Einstiegsperspektiven:
- Europäische Forschungsförderung - Horizont 2020
- Europäische Initiative – Digitale Agenda
- Administrative Struktur der Generaldirektion mit Ihrem - Aktionsprogramm TEN-T
Alle drei Perspektiven behandeln Optionen der Förderung (z.B. via offener Ausschreibungen auf die
man sich bewerben kann) sowie der politischen Rahmengesetzgebung und damit einhergehender
Maßnahmen zur Einhaltung und Förderung dieser Ziele (Ebenfalls wieder über Finanzierungs-
instrumente der Förderung oder von Krediten).
Im zweiten Teil des Dokumentes wird eine Übersicht gegeben, welche Förderprojekte im Kontext
Elektromobilität in Europa entweder gelaufen sind oder aktuell noch laufen. Ziel dieses Abschnittes ist
es einen Eindruck zu vermitteln welchen Reifegrad die Forschung im Thema Elektromobilität hat bzw.
welche Transferleistung zwischen den Projekten helfen könnte. Auch die eine Übersicht der Akteure
und Themen kann auch diesen Einzelübersichten abgeleitet werden und hilft auch bei nur punktueller
Betrachtung einen guten Überblick zu gewinnen.
Der Dritte und letzte Teil des Dokuments beschreibt einen aktuellen Status der Entwicklungen sowie
eine subjektive Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse all der Projekte:
Die Elektromobilität in Europa fokussiert sich somit auf:
- Urbane Konzepte inkl. Multimodalität
- Privat-PKW/Firmen-PKW die zu Hause bzw. auf dem Firmengelände laden
- Wirtschaftsverkehr mit planbaren Grundlagen (inkl. Schwerlastverkehr und öffentlichen
Nahverkehr aus Umweltschutz-Aspekten)
Diese drei Trends erfüllen im Wesentlichen die politische Zielsetzung der EU aus Umwelt- und
Klimaschutzaspekten und lassen Freiraum um die Wirtschaft im Zusammenhang mit der Digitalen
Agenda zu neuen Ansätzen zu bewegen.
Der Handlungsdruck zum weiteren Auf- und Ausbau der Infrastruktur und der begleitenden
Rahmengesetzgebung ist mit der Richtlinie 2014/94 vom Oktober 2014 auf den Weg gebracht worden.
Es obliegt den Marktakteuren die Chancen dieser Entwicklung zu nutzen und wenn Deutschland als
Mutterland der Mobilität und Transitland in Europa weiterhin eine führende Rolle spielen möchte mit
mutigen Schritten der internationalen Konkurrenz auch durch völlig neue Akteure entgegen zu treten.
Die Politik hat die Option, durch klare Mandate die bestehenden Entscheidungs- und Meinungs-
bildungsprozesse innerhalb von gesetzten Organisation zu beeinflussen und sollte diese Aufgabe
bewusst und zügig annehmen.
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 4/40
1. Electro Mobility in Europe – Policy Frame
This chapter is divided into three areas because every of this specific approaches is launching projects
and it is important to understand the policy “behind” the topic.
1.1 Horizon 2020
Horizon 2020 is the financial instrument implementing the Innovation Union, a Europe 2020 flagship
initiative aimed at securing Europe's global competitiveness.
Seen as a means to drive economic growth and create jobs, Horizon 2020 has the political backing of
Europe’s leaders and the Members of the European Parliament. They agreed that research is an
investment in our future and so put it at the heart of the EU’s blueprint for smart, sustainable and
inclusive growth and jobs.
By coupling research and innovation, Horizon 2020 is helping to achieve this with its emphasis on
excellent science, industrial leadership and tackling societal challenges. The goal is to ensure Europe
produces world-class science, removes barriers to innovation and makes it easier for the public and
private sectors to work together in delivering innovation.
Horizon 2020 is open to everyone, with a simple structure that reduces red tape and time so
participants can focus on what is really important. This approach makes sure new projects get off the
ground quickly – and achieve results faster.
The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation will be complemented by further
measures to complete and further develop the European Research Area. These measures will aim at
breaking down barriers to create a genuine single market for knowledge, research and innovation.
The Horizont 2020 Programme is divided in so called areas. For electro mobility the relevant contend
is located under the Area of “Transport”. The European Transport research contributes to finding
solutions to the increasing mobility of people, with low-carbon technologies, clean vehicles, smart
mobility systems and integrated services for passengers and freight. The relevant section here is a
social challenge described in the following chapters with an overview, and an work program.
1.1.1 Smart, Green and Integrated Transport - Overview
Link: Article
This Challenge aims to boost the competitiveness of the European transport industries and achieve a
European transport system that is resource-efficient, climate-and-environmentally-friendly, safe and
seamless for the benefit of all citizens, the economy and society.
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 5/40
The Transport Challenge is allocated a budget of €6 339 million for the period 2014-2020 and will
contribute to four key objectives, each supported by specific activities.
Horizon 2020 will provide funding for a resource efficient transport that respects the
environment by making aircraft, vehicles and vessels cleaner and quieter to minimise transport’s
systems’s impact on climate and the environment, by developing smart equipment, infrastructures and
services and by improving transport and mobility in urban areas.
Horizon 2020 also aims at a better mobility, less congestion, more safety and security with a
substantial reduction of traffic congestion; with a substantial improvement in the mobility of people
and freight; by developing new concepts of freight transport and logistics and by reducing accident
rates, fatalities and casualties and improving security.
Horizon 2020 supports a global leadership for the European transport industry by
reinforcing the competitiveness and performance of European transport manufacturing industries and
related services including logistic processes and retain areas of European leadership (e.g. such as
aeronautics).
Horizon 2020 targets a socio-economic and behavioural research and forward looking
activities for policy making. The aim is to support improved policy making which is necessary to
promote innovation and meet the challenges raised by transport and the societal needs related to it.
These activities are addressed by three Calls:
1. Mobility for Growth
2. Green Vehicles
3. Small Business and Fast Track Innovation for Transport
In addition to the three calls for proposal, other actions will be implemented by calls for tenders or by
other instruments (‘Other actions’). These actions are part of the Transport Challenge envelope and
complement the content of the three Calls.
1.1.2 Smart, Green and Integrated Transport - Work program
The specific objective of the Transport Challenge ‘Smart, green and integrated transport’ is “to achieve
a European transport system that is resource-efficient, climate- and environmentally-friendly, safe and
seamless for the benefit of all citizens, the economy and society”.
The Specific Programme is structured in four broad lines of activities aiming at:
a) Resource efficient transport that respects the environment. The aim is to minimise
transport's systems' impact on climate and the environment (including noise and air pollution) by
improving its efficiency in the use of natural resources, and by reducing its dependence on fossil fuels.
b) Better mobility, less congestion, more safety and security. The aim is to reconcile the
growing mobility needs with improved transport fluidity, through innovative solutions for seamless,
inclusive, affordable, safe, secure and robust transport systems.
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 6/40
c) Global leadership for the European transport industry. The aim is to reinforce the competitiveness and performance of European transport manufacturing industries and related services including logistic processes and retain areas of European leadership (e.g. such as aeronautics). d) Socio-economic and behavioural research and forward looking activities for policy making. The aim is to support improved policy making which is necessary to promote innovation and meet the challenges raised by transport and the societal needs related to it. These activities are addressed in this Work Programme by the above named Calls for proposals. Each Call for proposals contains a scene setter and the description of topics. Each Call ends with a section where the conditions for the Call are indicated (deadlines, budgets, eligibility criteria, etc.). In addition to the three Calls for proposals, the Transport Challenge contributes to the Fast Track to Innovation Pilot Call. Other actions will be implemented by calls for tenders or by other instruments (see section ‘Other actions’). These actions are part of the Transport Challenge envelope and complement the content of the Calls. A novelty in Horizon 2020 is the Open Research Data Pilot which aims to improve and maximise access to and re-use of research data generated by projects. While certain Work Programme parts and areas have been explicitly identified as participating in the Pilot on Open Research Data, individual actions funded under the other Horizon 2020 parts and areas can choose to participate in the Pilot on a voluntary basis. The use of a Data Management Plan is required for projects participating in the Open Research Data Pilot. Further guidance on the Open Research Data Pilot is made available on the Participant Portal. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 7/40
1.1.3 Horizon Calls on electro mobility
Within the work programs of Horizon 2020 there are several calls open for tenders. Here are the actual
open calls related to electro mobility. (The third one for SME’s is not described here):
1.1.3.1 MOBILITY FOR GROWTH 2014-2015
H2020-MG-2015_TwoStagesSub call of: H2020-MG-2014-2015
Deadline
Opening Date 10-12-2014 23-04-2015 17:00:00 (Brussels local time)
Date
Stage 2 15-10-2015 17:00:00 (Brussels local time)
Budget €144,500,000 Main Pillar Societal Challenges
Status Open OJ reference OJ C 361/9 of 11 December 2013
The contents of the ‘Mobility for Growth’ call has been structured as follows:
1. Aviation
2. Rail
3. Road
4. Waterborne
Areas addressing transport integration specific challenges (technical and socio-economic)
5. Urban
6. Logistics
7. Intelligent Transport Systems
8. Infrastructure
9. Socio-economic and behavioural research and forward looking activities for policy making
1.1.3.2 GREEN VEHICLES 2015
H2020-GV-2015Sub call of: H2020-GV-2014-2015
Planned Opening Deadline
24-06-2015 15-10-2015 17:00:00 (Brussels local time)
Date Date
Budget €30,000,000 Main Pillar Societal Challenges
Status Forthcoming OJ reference OJ C 361 of 11 December 2013
Structure of the Green Vehicle Call:
- Next generation of competitive lithium ion batteries to meet customer expectations
- Optimised and systematic energy management in electric vehicles
- Future natural gas powertrains and components for cars and vans
- Hybrid light and heavy duty vehicles
- Electric two-wheelers and new light vehicle concepts
- Powertrain control for heavy-duty vehicles with optimised emissions
- Future natural gas powertrains and components for heavy duty vehicles
- Electric vehicles’ enhanced performance and integration into the transport system and the
grid
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 8/40
1.2 Digital Agenda for Europe
Link: Article
Beside the finical instruments of Horizon 2020 you will also find an entry point to electro mobility via
the “Digital Agenda for Europe”. A direct access to the wide array of funding opportunities via the
programmes Horizon 2020 and Connecting Europe Facility is given. Here we will focus on the
perspective of the Digital Agenda only.
Human error is involved in 95% of all traffic accidents on Europe's roads, in which more than 30 000
people are killed and 1.5 million injured every year. Road transport also burns one quarter of the
European Union's overall energy consumption, with one fifth of the EU's CO 2 emissions caused by road
vehicles. eSafety “smart” technologies, based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a
major difference to these figures.
For example, the European Commission's eCall system saves lives by having the car automatically dial
112 – Europe's single emergency number – in case of a serious accident, thus dramatically accelerating
the arrival of emergency rescue teams. eCall is to be introduced in all new models of passenger cars and
light-duty vehicles, and will be supported across the EU as well as Iceland, Norway and Switzerland by
2015. This and other examples can be found in the Intelligent Car section of this site.
Such innovations require research and regulation, working hand in hand. Hence the iMobility Forum,
which brings together road stakeholders interested in ICT-based systems and services to recommend
frameworks for road and traffic data and standardisation. The Forum was initially established as the
eSafety Forum in early 2003 in close co-operation with the mobility companies, industrial associations
and public sector stakeholders.
Details are given in the following chapters. For those where actual details are not available the link to
the (empty) website is listed:
eSafety – Has no actual information available
Intelligent car – No details expect a short text
This Topic is spitted into two areas
o The eCall solution see chapter 0
o The international cooperation; The objective of the cooperation between the EU & the
United States & with Japan is to learn about each others' research and deployment
activities in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). A particular focus is on Cooperative
Systems, where cars communicate with each other and with the infrastructure. Here,
in this relatively new field of Cooperative Systems, it is the explicit objective of the
three partners to jointly develop proposals for global standards. Joint research efforts
are on the agenda as well.
Smart cities – No details expect a short text
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 9/40A smart city is a place where the traditional networks and services are made more efficient
with the use of digital and telecommunication technologies, for the benefit of its inhabitants
and businesses. With this vision in mind, the European Union is investing in ICT research and
innovation and developing policies to improve the quality of life of citizens and make cities
more sustainable in view of Europe's 20-20-20 targets.
The smart city concept goes beyond the use of ICT for better resource use and less emissions.
It means smarter urban transport networks, upgraded water supply and waste disposal
facilities, and more efficient ways to light and heat buildings. And it also encompasses a more
interactive and responsive city administration, safer public spaces and meeting the needs of an
ageing population.
European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Smart Cities and Communities:
To speed up the deployment of these solutions, the European Commission has initiated the
European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities that will bring together
European cities, industry leaders, and representatives of civil society to smarten up Europe's
urban areas, in July 2012.
So far, the European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Smart Cities and Communities has
received some 370 commitments to fund and develop smart solutions in the areas of energy,
ICT and transport. These commitments involve more than 3,000 partners from across Europe
and create a huge potential for making our cities more attractive, and create business
opportunities.
International cooperation in Transport - Link to Intelligent car above
Below you may find the detail on the two major activities eCall and the iMobility Forum:
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 10/40eCALL
Link: More
In case of a crash, an eCall-equipped car automatically calls the nearest emergency centre. Even if no
passenger is able to speak, e.g. due to injuries, a 'Minimum Set of Data' is sent, which includes the exact
location of the crash site. Shortly after the accident, emergency services therefore know that there has
been an accident, and where exactly.
eCall cuts emergency services response time. It goes down to 50% in the countryside and 60% in built-
up areas. The quicker response will save hundreds of lives in the EU every year. The severity of injuries
will be considerably reduced in tens of thousands of cases. You can also make an eCall by pushing a
button inside the car. Witnessing an accident, you can thus report it and automatically give the precise
location. As eCall normally 'sleeps', it does not allow vehicle tracking outside emergencies.
The EC proposals for legislative acts foresaw that eCall would be seamlessly functioning throughout
Europe by end of 2015. As the adoption procedure of these legislative acts by the European Parliament
and the Council is still ongoing, the deadlines for implementation will most likely be the end of 2017 or
early 2018.
iMobility Forum
Link: www.imobilitysupport.eu
iMobility Support is a 3-year support action that fosters the deployment of intelligent mobility in Europe
by organising the iMobility Forum activities, including stakeholder networking, deployment support,
awareness raising and dissemination of results of ICT for smart, safe and clean mobility.
iMobility Support fosters the deployment of intelligent mobility in Europe by organising iMobility
Forum activities, including – but not limited to –stakeholder networking, deployment support,
awareness raising and dissemination of results.
The action is conceptually structured on three ‘pillars’:
1. Support to the iMobility Forum constituencies and activities,
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 11/402. Support to the deployment of ICT for smart, safe and clean mobility (mainly cooperative ITS),
3. Support to awareness-raising and dissemination of results activities of ICT for smart, safe and
clean mobility (mainly cooperative ITS).
Project acronym: Project type:
iMobility Support Coordination and Support action
Project coordinator:
Program: Lina Konstantinopoulou
ERTICO – ITS Europe
7th EU Framework Program
Tel: +32 (0)2 400 07 49
Project partners:
AustriaTech - Gesellschaft des Bundes fur Technologiepolitische Massnahmen Gmbh, Fédération
International de l’Automobile (FIA), Association des Constructeurs Européen d'Automobiles (ACEA),
Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus (VTT) and Q-Free ASA and DEKRA Automobil GmbH
Start date: End date:
1 January 2013 31 December 2015
EU funding: Project website:
1,449,000 euro www.imobilitysupport.eu
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 12/401.3 Mobility and Transport - TEN-T
Link: Homepage
The third relevant entry point for the topic of electro mobility is the work of the Directorate-General.
The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport works in concert with the
European Union Member States, European industry, citizens and stakeholders. More information
about the DG Move could be found here.
Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport manages the work on a series of inter-modal transport
issues. The program starts under FP7 and still continue.
Not all items are still relevant so here the focus is on actual infrastructure in ongoing projects only.
Infrastructure - TEN-T - Connecting Europe
Link: Homepage TEN-T
Attention: The German “ BMVI” is using the Term “Transeuropäische Verkehrsnetze (TEN-V)“ for
infrastructure projects in Germany. More Details: Here This is the translation of EU TEN-T Project.
The TEN-T Programme was established by the European Commission to support the construction and
upgrade of transport infrastructure across the European Union.
The TEN-T Programme dedicated financial support towards the realisation of important transport
infrastructure projects - in line with the overreaching goal of European competitiveness, job creation
and cohesion.
The TEN-T Executive Agency, created by the European Commission in 2006, managed the Programme
on behalf of the European Commission for all projects established under the 2000-2006 and 2007-2013
funding schemes. The projects represent all transport modes – air, rail, road, and maritime/inland
waterway – plus logistics and intelligent transport systems, and involve all EU Member States.
On 1 January 2014 the TEN-T EA became the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA), but
management of all open TEN-T projects continues unaffected.
1.3.1 EU to support development of electric vehicle transport roads in
northern Europe
Creation date: 09 February 2015
The EU's TEN-T Programme will invest over €4 million in the development of an open access fast
charging station network in the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden and Germany. In total 155 chargers for
electric vehicles are to be installed along the main highways connecting these countries.
A weak network of service stations for electric vehicles and varying standards are some of the major
barriers to a fast uptake of electric vehicle transport in Europe.
This project aims to create an open access fast charging corridor along major highways connecting
Sweden, Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands, to allow 'green' travel between these countries.
Part of the project will be dedicated to a study on interoperability, the framework for a sustainable
infrastructure setup and network planning. The pilot project will install a total of 155 chargers along the
main motorways: 30 in the Netherlands, 23 in Denmark, 35 in Sweden and 67 in Germany.
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 13/40The new electric vehicle transport road will help accelerate electric vehicle uptake in northern Europe
and will serve as best practice to other European countries.
The project was selected for EU funding with the assistance of external experts under the TEN-T Annual
Call 2013, priority 'Decarbonisation (Oil substitution or environmental cost reduction)'. Its
implementation will be monitored by INEA, the European Commission's Innovation and Networks
Executive Agency.
The project is to be completed by December 2015.
Project: 2013-EU-92043-S
Goal: 155 Fast Charger until end of program in 2015 and thereof 67 in Germany
1.3.2 Innovation & Networks Executive Agency
Link: home
The Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA) is the successor of the Trans-European
Transport Network Executive Agency (TEN-T EA), which was created by the European Commission in
2006 to manage the technical and financial implementation of its TEN-T programme.
INEA officially started its activities on 1 January 2014 in order to implement the following EU
programmes:
Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)
Parts of Horizon 2020 – Smart, green, and integrated transport + Secure, clean and efficient
energy
Legacy programmes: TEN-T and Marco Polo 2007-2013
INEA's main objective is to increase the efficiency of the technical and financial management of the
programmes it manages.
Its mission is to support the Commission, project promoters and stakeholders by providing expertise
and high quality of programme management to infrastructure, research and innovation projects in the
fields of transport, energy and telecommunications, and to promote synergies between these activities,
to benefit economic growth and EU citizens.
INEA officially started its activities on 1 January 2014 in order to implement parts of the following EU
programmes:
The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) is a key EU instrument to promote growth, jobs and
competitiveness through targeted infrastructure investment at European level. It is divided into 3
sectors:
CEF Transport
CEF Energy
CEF Digital (telecommunications)
Horizon 2020
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 14/40Horizon 2020 is the EU's main programme for the research area. It implements the Innovation Union,
a Europe 2020 flagship initiative aimed at securing Europe's global competitiveness. The two
objectives below which are managed by INEA fall under the "Societal Challenges" part of the
programme.
Smart green and integrated transport
Secure, clean and efficient energy
In total, it is expected that INEA will manage a budget of up to €33.1 billion* for the new 2014-2020
Programmes (€26.4 billion from the CEF and €6.7 billion from H2020).
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 15/402. Electro Mobility Projects in Europe Maybe this list is not 100% complete but the overall impression of what has been done so fare is given. Only a very limited number of projects should be missing in sense of completeness. A comprehensive view on all R&D Projects in the area of Electro mobility is online available. Here an extract on how the projects are presented: For an overview on contend the following examples are collected: 2.1 Grid for Vehicles Link: www.g4v.eu Analysis of the impact and possibilities of a mass introduction of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles on the electricity networks in Europe The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program. Project duration: Mid of 2010 until 2011- 18 Month About G4V Very soon electric vehicles (EV) and especially plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) will be gradually introduced to the EU market. Although electricity is available everywhere in Europe, the impact of a large scale introduction of EV and PHEV needs to be investigated in detail in order to optimise the infrastructure and make use of the inherent opportunities this represents for the operation of smart grids and energy efficiency. The objective of G4V is to develop an analytical method to evaluate the impact of a large scale introduction of EV and PHEV on the grid infrastructure and a visionary “road map” for the year 2020 and beyond, taking into account all stakeholders and generating fast and openly available results. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 16/40
Key elements of the project Partner in G4V: www.chalmers.se www.ecn.nl www.edp.pt www.edf.com www.endesa.es www.enel.com www.imperial.ac.uk www.rwe.com www.rwth-aachen.de www.iie.upv.es www.tu-dortmund.de www.vattenfall.com G4V consortium leader RWE Deutschland AG Thomas Theisen, Project Manager G4V Kruppstraße 5 45128 Essen Tel.: +49 (0)201-12-29387 Fax: +49 (0)201-12-29749 E-Mail: thomas.theisen@rwe.com PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 17/40
2.2 ELVIRE
Link: www.elvire.eu
The project’s purpose is to develop an effective system which is able to neutralize the driver’s "range
anxiety", i.e. the fear to break down due to the vehicle’s power range limitation. In order to ease and
optimize energy management of Electric Vehicles (EV) and to cope with the sparse distribution of
electrical supply points during the ramp-up phase, innovative Information and Communications
Technologies and service concepts will be developed.
This research project aims at developing and integrating the mobility technologies and services, inside
and outside the Electric Vehicle (EV), required to help customers to manage the electric charging of their
vehicle properly. Cooperatively, the project partners will develop a new on-board information and
communication platform which constantly monitors the charging level of the battery. This in-car
platform will also determine the energy demand for the planned route, taking into account traffic
conditions and other parameters. These on-board services will keep the driver aware of the remaining
vehicle range and distance to the closest charging station. To guarantee that the power supply can match
the personalized needs of each electric vehicle, intelligent charge spots, battery switch stations and other
external mobility services are required. A network operation center will manage real-time
communication between the electric vehicles and the charging network. This system will provide
additional services such as informing where available charge spots and battery switch stations are
located and optimizing resource allocation as well as the charging process itself to fulfill drivers' needs.
The ELVIRE consortium will set up an all-round solution by linking an adaptive and responsive charging
network to an intelligent in-car platform, which is critical for enabling a mass-market adoption of
electric vehicles in the future.
FP7 PROJECT ID: ICT-2009.6.1
ICT for Safety and Energy Efficiency in Mobility
Duration: 36 months
From 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2012
Overall budget: 9.242 M€
EC contribution: 5.193 M€
Number of partners: 11
ATB
Better Place
CEA LIST
Continental Automotive GmbH
Endesa
Erasmushogeschool Brussel
ERPC GmbH
Lindholmen Science Park AB
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 18/40 Renault S.A.S.
SAP AG
Volkswagen AG
Number of countries involved: 6
ELVIRE coordinator
Hannes Lüttringhaius
Interior Electronic Solutions
Continental Automotive GmbH
VDO-Strasse 1, 64832 Babenhausen, Germany
Hannes.Luettringhaus@continental-corporation.com
2.3 CROME
Link: crome-project.eu
The project CROME – cross-border mobility for EVs (Electric Vehicles) – is one of the first cross-border
field tests among the meanwhile several electric mobility projects in Europe. The project is located in
the border region between France and Germany and includes on the French side the regions Alsace -
with particular focus on the Strasbourg urban area - and Moselle. On the German side the project
includes the area of Karlsruhe, Baden-Baden, Freiburg and Stuttgart. The main aim of the project, whose
funding is performed since 2011 by different Ministries on both sides of the boundary, is to create and
test a safe, seamless, user-friendly and reliable mobility with electric vehicles between France and
Germany. During the project periods mayer negotiations about the type 2 and type 3 plug took place,
leading to the decision to promotoe the type 2 plug as the European standard plug for electric vehicles.
Furthermore a first e-roaming agreement and solution between the French and German Partners has
been put in place.
Project Duration: January 2011 until end of 2013
Partner in CROME:
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 19/402.4 EDISON Link: www.edison-net.dk E.D.I.S.O.N. is an abbreviation for "Electric vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated market using Sustainable energy and Open Networks". Electric vehicles (EVs) provide a unique opportunity to reduce the CO2 emissions from the transport sector. At the same time, EVs have the potential to play a major role in an economic and reliable operation of an electricity system with a high penetration of renewable energy. EVs will be a very important balancing measure to enable the Danish government’s energy strategy, which implies 50% wind power penetration in the electric power system. An EV will be a storage device for smoothing power fluctuations from renewable resources especially wind power and provide valuable system services for a reliable power system operation. With the proper technology the cars can run on wind power and at the same time enable an increased share of RES in the power system for supply of the conventional electricity demand, and thereby, provide an overall economic, reliable, and sustainable energy system. DESCRIPTION OF EDISON The EDISON project has utilised Danish and international competences to develop optimal system solutions for EV system integration, including network issues, market solutions, and optimal interaction between different energy technologies. Furthermore, the Bornholm electric power system has provided an optimal platform for demonstration of the developed solutions. The project has been organized in seven work packages and an additional work package for administration and dissemination activities. GOALS The main goals for the project were: PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 20/40
To develop system solutions and technologies for Electric vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in hybrid
vehicles (PHEVs) which enable a sustainable, economic and reliable energy system where the
properties of EVs are utilised in a power system with substantial fluctuating renewable
energy.
To prepare and provide a technical platform for Danish demonstrations of EVs with emphasis
on the power system integration aspects.
To develop standard system solutions for EVs, which are applicable globally, by utilising the
Danish leading knowledge within distributed energy resources and operation of energy
systems with high wind power penetration, and thereby, release the potential for Danish
export of technology, system solutions, and knowledge.
Project Duration: 2019 until 2012
Partner in EDISON:
Dansk Energi
DTU CET
Risø DTU
DTU Transport
DONG Energy
IBM
Siemens
Østkraft Group
Eurisco
2.5 E-Mobility Italy
The E-Mobility Italy project started in 2009 as a pilot project for test of an electric mobility
framework(infrastructure, marketplace and ICT) by using EVs in 3 pilot cities (Pisa, Rome, Milan) with
few hundreds of Li-Ion battery cars and up to 400 private/public recharging spots.
The demonstration of the framework is already ongoing on several topics, such as: intelligent recharging
infrastructure based on electricity meter technology, technical solutions and open standard, able to
support both the existing vehicles as well as new generation vehicles, identification technologies and
communication between EVs and network, design of a electric mobility management system aiming at
providing service to the end user on a marketplace: on this point please refer to the stakeholder section
in the following chapter.
2.6 Seine Aval Véhicules Electriques (France)
Link: More
Between March 2011 and December 2012, 65 Renault-Nissan electric vehicles were driven in the Seine
Aval area and 130 charging stations installed as part of SAVE (Seine Aval Véhicules Électriques),
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 21/40France's biggest ever trial of all-electric mobility, made possible by a partnership between eight
public1 and private2entities.
On Monday July 8, 2013 the SAVE project participants met at the Renault production site in Flins to
present a review of the project and the outlook for the future. The event was attended by Alain Schmitz,
Chairman of the Yvelines departmental council and EPAMSA board and Philippe Hirtzman,
representative for the national deployment of charging infrastructure with France's Ministry for
Industrial Renewal.
SAVE has met its objectives:
providing experience in the deployment of all types of charging infrastructure and the associated
services,
contributing to knowledge on vehicle use and charging,
convincing customers involved in the project: two customers out of three ordered an electric
vehicle
following the trial.
Project Duration: 2011 until 2012
2.7 e-DASH
Link: edash.eu
The sustainable integration of the electric vehicles requires an intelligent charging system for the real-
time exchange of charge related data between FEVs and the grid in order to allow the management of:
High-current fast-charging for large numbers of FEVs in a brand-independent way
Price-adaptive charging/reverse-charging at optimum price for the customer
The real-time grid balancing according to spatial and temporal needs and capacities,
influenced by the demand
(FEVs) and the supply side (unpredictability of regenerative energies)
Competent remote load charging process control in order to prevent damages of FEV
batteries.
It is the objective of e-DASH to develop those IC Technologies and processes that are needed to achieve
the real-time integration of "FEVs" in the European Electricity Grid to enable an optimum electricity
price to the customer and at the same time allows an effective load balancing in the grid.
Great emphasis is placed on the "openness of the V2OEM Interface" granting access to multiple players
maintaining the customers' choice.
Project Duration: 36 Month until October 2014
2.8 E-Moving
Link: emv
The objectives of the e-Moving A2A and Renault-Nissan Alliance throughout this project are:
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 22/40 to be present, in the capacity of network service handler in the territories, to conduct a
harmonious development of the distribution network of electrical energy and to reduce severely
polluting emissions.
To take part in studies in problem areas and the opportunities relating to the new service,
integrating positively with the other persons involved.
To make available to the Municipality the experience and the know-how deriving from a
sustainable mobility system, namely, zero impact, in the city areas.
To provide, at the close of the experimental phase, information and results necessary to assess
the best possible subsequent stages.
The pilot phase started in June 2010 in the cities of Milan and Brescia with the objective of testing the
various components of the operative model for electric cars, drawn up in collaboration with Renault and
A2A: technology and distribution of infrastructure of recharging, procedures and commercial solutions
connected to the sale or leasing of electric cars, the interaction between the recharging network and the
vehicles themselves, the supply of electric energy to recharge the vehicles and invoicing systems
connected with these, handling of batteries and the maintenance of the electric cars.
Throughout the project, 270 charging points in the in Lombardy region (200 in Milan and 70 in Brescia)
will be installed. From those stations, 150 will be publicly available while the rest is designed for private
use (garages, condominium car parks, company parking areas).
2.9 Green eMotion
Link: home.php
Project background
The Green eMotion project is part of the European Green Cars Initiative (EGCI) that was launched
within the context of the European Recovery Plan. It supports the achievement of the EU’s ambitious
climate goals, such as the reduction of CO 2 emissions by 60 percent by the year 2050. EGCI supports
the research and development of road transport solutions that have the potential to achieve sustainable
as well as groundbreaking results in the use of renewable and non-polluting energy sources.
The Green eMotion project was officially launched by Siim Kallas, Vice President of the European
Commission, at a high-level kick-off meeting in Bruxelles on 31 March 31 2011. Within four years, it will
be working to prepare the foundation for the mass deployment of Europe-wide electromobility. The
project has a total budget of €42 million and will be funded by the European Commission with €24
million.
A joint effort for electromobility
The Green eMotion consortium consists of forty-three partners from industry, the energy sector, electric
vehicle manufacturers, and municipalities as well as universities and research institutions. They have
joined forces to explore the basic conditions that need to be fulfilled for Europe-wide electromobility.
The primary goal of the project is to define Europe-wide standards. To this end, practical research is
being conducted in different demo regions all over Europe with the aim of developing and demonstrating
a commonly accepted and user-friendly framework that combines interoperable and scalable technical
solutions with a sustainable business platform. For the implementation of this framework, Green
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 23/40eMotion will take into account smart grid developments, innovative ICT solutions, different types of EVs, as well as urban mobility concepts. Project duration: 2011 until 2014 2.10 Freveu Link: http://frevue.eu/ The Project: State of the art of the electric freight vehicles implementation in city logistics Implementation of electric freight vehicles (EFVs) is not a new phenomenon. Over the last two decades several trials and demonstrations have been undertaken. Although today’s EFVs have greater range and improved loading capacity, the actual implementation of EFVs in city logistics operations is still limited. This FREVUE deliverable aims to identify current challenges and obstacles to the implementation and uptake of EFVs in city logistics, as well as to provide feedback and lessons from past and on-going projects. A review of demonstrators, trials and initiatives with EFVs resulted in the following challenges and success factors for EFV implementation and uptake in daily city logistics operations: Technical performance: the range of EFVs is usually not larger than 100 – 150 kilometres. The range promised by the manufacturer is often not reached, although new(er) vehicles have a higher real range. Whether the range is a limiting factor depends on the logistics operations. Technical issues observed include: failing batteries (and limited or late) support, equipment availability issues, relatively long charging time and the necessity to adapt charging infrastructure for fleet needs. The rapid improvement in the technology is mentioned as a reason for waiting to acquire EFVs. The limited availability of standard vehicles and vehicle types is also a factor that is seen as a barrier for EFV implementation. Operational performance: EFVs demonstrate both positive and negative operational performance characteristics compared to conventional vehicles. Because of their environmental performance and reduced noise level they are often permitted in larger geographical areas and time windows in cases where any of those restrictions exist. Some technological features, like an acute turning range, steering circle and improved visibility facilitate the manoeuvring of the vehicles in dense city areas. At the same time, charging, load capacity, maintenance and the need to adapt logistic concepts for the usage of EFVs are seen by operators as the main existing operational challenges. Not all freight operations are currently suitable for using EFVs, which is particularly the case for the long-haul operations and vehicles with a large loading capacity. In terms of the range, the payload and overnight charging, current EFVs performance levels are good enough for the distribution operations. Economics: currently the purchase price and total cost of ownership (TCO) for EFVs are significantly higher than for conventional vehicles. That is explained by the high battery cost and limited production volumes of these vehicles. In the longer term it is expected that EFVs will become more competitive, incorporating savings from the improved operational performance, reduction in purchase prices due to the massive production and associated environmental benefits. Currently, as operators are usually more focused on short term benefits, the wider uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) is difficult. The fact that the second-hand market and residual value of EFVs are not yet clearly known holds back some of the PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 24/40
operators in their purchase decision. Leasing and financing companies are also reluctant to invest due
to these uncertainties. Battery leasing or swapping options are regarded as potential options to reduce
vehicle purchase and operational costs. Environmental performance: undoubtedly EFVs have improved
environmental performance, manifested in reduced CO2 emissions and reduced local emissions,
compared to the ICE. For the full picture well-to-wheel emissions need to be considered and therefore
certification of the electricity supply becomes important. No consensus has yet been reached on the
wider systemic impacts of the EFVs which are mainly related to congestion.
Social and attitudinal impact: being less noisy and more environmentally friendly than conventional
vehicles, EVs are very well perceived by the general public and are receiving positive feedback from
drivers in most of the initiatives. Training is necessary in order to familiarize drivers and general
transport operators with the technical and operational particularities of the vehicles in order to achieve
better results from the vehicle performance. The low noise generated was sometimes reported as a
concern for the EFVs operations in the agglomeration areas.
Impact of local policy and governance structure: at the current stage of the EFVs market development
appropriate government policy is necessary in order to achieve the wider uptake of the EVs. Measures
both supporting the usage of EFVs and discouraging the usage of ICEs are required and are already being
successfully implemented by several European municipalities. Another way to stimulate the wider
uptake of EFVs is by using them in the authorities’ fleets.
Overall, the overview of EFV initiatives in city logistics identified three key issues:
1. The need for an adapted logistics concept that enables the use of EFVs in city logistics
operations to overcome range and load concerns.
2. The need (or desirability) of authorities support to increase EFV uptake in city logistics
activities.
3. The opportunities that EFVs offer for private logistics companies to demonstrate their
commitment to improving their environmental performance i.e. green image, visibility in cities.
These three issues and ways to deal with them are examined and discussed in more detail in the seven
case studies addressed in the deliverable:
- The cases of Chronopost (France)
- Distripolis (France)
- Elcidis (France)
- TNT’s mobile depot (Belgium)
- Cargohopper (The Netherlands)
- London (UK) and
- Utrecht (The Netherlands).
A literature review together with the results from the case studies provided some operational lessons to
be learnt from previous and on-going trials and initiatives: Detailed planning of a demonstration process
PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 25/40is very important; For municipalities it is important to be coherent and consistent in their policy approach following a step by step method: building infrastructure, promotion, supporting EFVs and restricting conventional vehicles; Private-public cooperation is important especially during the initial trials that involve EFVs; From an operational point of view, driver training is important alongside the establishment of the correct vehicle charging routine; Sharing the results with others outside the project is important, in order to encourage far wider uptake of EVs, since this might reduce uncertainties for companies not familiar with EVs. The state of the art review, conducted in this deliverable, illustrates the high importance and relevance of FREVUE as a project focusing on the implementation and assessment of freight electric vehicles in city logistics. There are many gaps in knowledge about the freight EVs technological and operation performance, which constrain private operators in their decision to buy a vehicle. The added value of the FREVUE project will therefore be higher if the project answers these frequently asked questions regarding EFVs. The review conducted in this deliverable indicates what some of these questions are, which will therefore be among the guiding questions of the Central Evaluation Framework to be produced in WP1: What is the residual value of the freight EV? What are the factors that determine the residual value of the freight EVs? What kind of operation is suitable for freight EVs? What are the wider systemic impacts from freight EV implementation? 2.11 ZeEUS - Zero Emission Urban Bus System Link: http://zeeus.eu/ Scope: Testing electrification solutions at the heart of the urban bus system network through live urban demonstrations and facilitating the market uptake of electric buses in Europe. Duration: Nov 2013 – April 2017 [42 Months] Budget: 22.5m EUR (13.5 EU Funding) Coordinator: UITP 40 Partners: TMB, ENDESA, ENIDE, UPC, IDIADA, D’APPOLONIA, RWTH, BERENDS, FRAUNHOFER, SOLARIS, SKODA, VOLVO, SWMU, UWB, GMV, EURELECTRIC, FH LA, VDL, VATT, SWBV, PMDP, PT, SLL, TFL, TTR, TRL, VTT, ADL, PE, UNIROMA1, ASSTRA, VIKT, VDV, POLIS, SSE, UTP, SPT, IRIZAR, UITP. Coordinated by UITP, ZeEUS is co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Research and Technological Development Framework Programme (FP7), Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under grant agreement n°605485. The ZeEUS project has been launched by the European Commission in the frame of the European Green Vehicle and Smart Cities & Communities. ZeEUS, the Zero Emission Urban Bus System, aims to be the main EU activity to extend the fully-electric solution to the core part of the urban bus network. It fits within the context of the European Commission’s objective to create a competitive and sustainable transport system. To achieve its mission, ZeEUS will test innovative electric bus technologies with different charging infrastructure solutions in eight demonstration sites across 6 European countries to validate their economic, environmental and society viability. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 26/40
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