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The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
Launch
Zeitschrift zum Englisch   Level
Lernen und Lehren          A2–B1
                                     Issue
                                   free For
                                   Teachers

 The End
 of Sugar?
 Superfoods of Tomorrow
                                              16 tra
                                              Ex

                                                     es
                                                     g
                                                   pa
The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
Zeitschrift fur den
Englisch Unterricht
Liebe Lehrer / Lehrerinnen

Als Englisch Lehrer / Lehrerin müssen Sie normalerweise einer
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möchten Sie auch mal von den restriktiven Richtlinien abweichen.
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The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
What’s inside                                                                                    Liebe Schüler und

                                                                                                 Schülerinnen,
                                                                                                 vielleicht gefällt Euch Englisch,
                                                                                                 vielleicht auch nicht, vielleicht ist es
                                                                                                 Euch egal – das ist ok! Wir verstehen,
                                                                                                 dass viel in Eurem Leben los ist und
                                                                                                 Englisch möglicherweise keine Priorität
                                                                                                 darstellt (falls aber doch, ist das übrigens
                                                                                                 großartig!).
                                                                                                 Wie dem auch sei, Tatsache ist, dass Ihr
                                                                                                 es lernen müsst, ob Ihr nun wollt oder
                                                                                                 nicht. Und hier kommen wir ins Spiel, mit
                                                                                                 der Zeitschrift Gate. Ja, wir möchten, dass

14   Could you survive in Mumbai, the largest Indian city with 20 million
     people? What’s life like there and why should everyone see it?
                                                                                                 Euch das Englischlernen Spaß macht.
                                                                                                 Ja, wir möchten, dass Ihr über Dinge
                                                                                                 lest, die Euch interessieren, nicht nur die

10
                                                       4    Issue
                                                                                                 sterilen Texte, die Ihr normalerweise in
                                                            It’ll Rot Your Brain
                                                                                                 Lehrbüchern findet.
                                                       6    Tradition                            Wir wissen auch, dass bis Ihr in einem
                                                            Halloween for Everyone               Englischlehrbuch über Snapchat lesen
                                                                                                 könnt, es wahrscheinlich schon lange
                                                       8    Stories                              nicht mehr hip ist. Aber hey, wir wollen
                                                            Unsolved Mysteries                   Euch auch erziehen, das geben wir zu –
                                                                                                 aber auf eine Art, die Spaß machen soll,
                                                       9    Stories                              ohne Druck.
                                                            The Dyatlov Pass Incident
                                                                                                 Seien wir doch mal ehrlich. Wir
                                                       10   People                               versprechen Euch nicht, dass Ihr Euch
                                                            The Story of the Sioux               wegen unserer Zeitschrift in die Englische

20                                                     12   Animals
                                                            Wild Streets
                                                                                                 Sprache verlieben werdet (obwohl uns
                                                                                                 das natürlich gefallen würde). Aber wir
                                                                                                 können versprechen, dass wir alles in
                                                                                                 unserer Macht stehende tun werden,
                                                       14   Spotlight                            damit es Euch Spaß macht mit unsere
                                                            Mumbai: The City of Dreams           Zeitschrift Englisch zu lernen.
                                                                                                 Wir werden Euch Geschichten aus
                                                       16   Leaders
                                                            Mahatma Gandhi, the Activist         aller Welt bringen, über die Kultur der
                                                                                                 englischsprachigen Länder berichten,
                                                       17   Puzzle                               erstaunliche Menschen vorstellen, und
                                                            Brain Training: Agent Gate           über neueste Trends in der Technologie,
                                                                                                 der Wissenschaft, Musik und Popkultur,
                                                       18   Geography                            Sport, Politik, und soziale Fragen
                                                            Around the Counties                  schreiben, was auch immer. Oh, und wir
                                                                                                 liefern auch eine Menge Sachen für Eure
                                                       20 Music                                  Lehrer, z.B. Übungen und Grammatik,
                                                            The Next Big Things                  aber macht Euch daraus bitte nichts.
                                                                                                 Unsere Aufgabe ist es Euch zu zeigen
                                                       22 Social Media
                                                            Skam Austin: A Social Media Series   wieviel Spaß Englisch Lernen machen

22                                                     24 Food
                                                            Superfood Superstars
                                                                                                 kann.
                                                                                                 Schaut Euch Gate an und überzeugt Euch
                                                                                                 einfach selbst!

                                                       25 Food                                   Viel Spaß Freunde!
                                                            Sweet Sweet Life
                                                                                                 Euer Gate Team
                                                       26 Language
                                                            Vocabulary SOS: Physical
                                                            Description
                                                                                                 KEY TO ICONS

                                                       27 Test                                        Listening on CD
                                                            KET for Schools                           Extra materials in Teachers’ File

                                                                                                                                Gate October | 2018   3
The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
A2–B1 Technology               Tracks 1–3   tf Grammar Fixer

   It’ll Rot                                                   1
                                                                   Oh, who am I kidding*? It’s certainly not
                                                                   just teenagers who are addicted to3 their
                                                                   phones. You’ve probably heard your
                                                                   parents complain about4 your phone use.

  Your    Brain
                                                                   But I am sure they check their phones
                                                                   almost as often as you, looking at emails
                                                                   and Facebook and the latest news updates5.
                                                                   American adults spend on average 3 hours
                                                                   and 23 minutes on mobile media every day.

  SmartPhone Crazy                                                 And yet it’s true: your parents didn’t have
                                                                   smartphones at your age. They didn’t have
                                                                   mobile phones at all. How did we all end up
                                                                   so addicted? And does it matter?

                                                                     Bad Habits6?
                                                                     The things in this list are all from
                                                                     online articles about bad phone habits
                                                                     but not everyone shares the same
                                                                     ideas about what’s rude and what’s
                                                                     fine (we think some of the things here
                                                                     are totally normal).

                                                                        Discuss
                                                                        Which do you think are bad? Which
                                                                        are OK? Which of them do you do?

                                                                         Putting your phone on
                                                                         the table at mealtimes.

                                                                         Checking your phone for
                                                                         notifications7 or messages while
                                                                         you’re talking to someone.

                                                                         Answering the phone when
                                                                         you’re talking to someone.

                                                                         Taking selfies everywhere.

                                                                         Walking and texting.

                                                                         Shooting8 video at a concert.

                                                                         Playing music, videos or games
                                                                         in public with the sound on.

                                                                         Talking on your phone in a toilet,
                                                                         on a bus, train, etc.

                                                                         Using the speakerphone
                                                                         for a private conversation.

                                                                         Texting people instead
                                                                         of calling them.

    I’m old enough to remember when a phone was just
   a phone. We didn’t have to keep checking our phones
   every two minutes. These days every teenager has their
   nose glued to2 a mobile phone, every hour of the day.
                             Paul Farrington-Douglas (UK)

   4   Gate October | 2018
The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
Discuss
                                                                                                      When did you last check your phone
                                                                                                      notifications?
                                                                                                      How often do you switch your phone off?
                                                                                                      How long ago did you last leave your
                                                                                                      phone at home when going out, and how
                                                                                                      did you feel?
                                                                                                      Which do you prefer, texting (including via
                                                                                                      WhatsApp, etc.) or speaking on the phone?
                                                                                                      Where do you use your phone most?
                                                                                                      How many minutes a day do you think
                                                                                                      you spend on your phone?
                                                                                                      What do you think when you meet
                                                                                                      someone (your age) who doesn’t have
                                                                                                      a smartphone?

                                                                                                      Don’t have a smartphone? Discuss
                                                                                                      these questions instead:
                                                                                                      Why don’t you have a smartphone?
                                                                                                      How do you feel about not having
                                                                                                      a smartphone?
                                                                                                      What do your friends think about it?

The Serious Bit                                   What Should We Do?
When did you last check your phone to see         A phone is not just a phone. It’s a computer,
if you have any notifications? Not long ago,      calculator, camera, map, compass, library
right? There’s a reason for that. Human           and brain. There’s no way we can just
beings feel good when we connect with             stop using our phones. But, at the same
other people. We feel good when someone           time, there is a real downside13 to phone
gives us a “like”.                                addiction.
The people who make Facebook, Twitter,            Some research14 suggests that mobile
Snapchat and many other social media              phones change our brains. That’s not certain.
apps know this. Each time you get a like or       What is certain is that mobile addiction is
a share, you get a little buzz – a tiny good      very bad for relationships. Spending time on          Glossary
feeling. That’s because your brain releases9      your phone when you’re with your girlfriend         to kid – to joke; “Who am I kidding?”
               a little bit of dopamine, your     or boyfriend, checking your notifications in        means “I’m talking nonsense, and
                       body’s natural “happy      the middle of a conversation… these things          everyone knows it.”
                                         drug”.   can do real harm15.                                 algorithm – a program that a computer
                                                                                                      uses to solve a problem
                                                  There’s no need to throw your phone out.
                                                                                                      spam – messages you don’t want, such
                                                  But try switching off notifications and set
                                                                                                      as advertisements
                                                  some times when you don’t use your phone
                                                  at all.
Dopamine is                                       And when you’re with people you care                Vocabulary
addictive10. That                                 about? Put them first.
means you start to need it. The                                                                        1 to rot [rɒt] – verrotten
developers11 know this, too, and they have                                                             2 glued to sth [ɡluːd] – vor etwas kleben
spent many years and millions of dollars                                                               3 to be addicted to sth [əˈdɪktɪd] – nach
                                                                                                         etwas süchtig sein
to use this effect as much as possible.
                                                                                                       4 to complain about sth [ kəmˈpleɪn] –
That’s why if you are not active for a while                                                             sich über etwas beschweren
you still get notifications (e.g. “Sarah has                                                           5 news update [njuːz ˈʌpdeɪt] –
posted a new Tweet”). Instagram has an                                                                   Nachrichtenaktualisierung
algorithm* that waits before showing new                                                               6 bad habit [ ˈhæbɪt] – schlechte
                                                                                                         Angewohnheit
likes, then shows them very quickly when
                                                                                                       7 notification [ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] –
you are about to exit the app.                                                                           Benachrichtigung
Each time we get a notification, we wonder                                                             8 to shoot [ʃuːt] – filmen
what it will be. A “like” for our photo?            ”The best thing we can do is to separate           9 to release [rɪˈliːs] – freisetzen
                                                                                                      10 addictive [ əˈdɪktɪv] – suchterzeugend
A spam* email? A message from a friend?             parts of our lives from technology to keep        11 developer [dɪˈveləpə(r)] – Entwickler
Sometimes it’s good, often it’s unimportant.        them special and tech-free.”                      12 uncertainty [ʌnˈsɜːtnti] – Ungewissheit
Even that uncertainty12 is addictive. It’s the                                                        13 downside [ ˈdaʊnsaɪd] – Schattenseite
                                                                  – adam alter, social psychologist
same psychological trick.                                                                             14 research [ rɪˈsɜːtʃ] – Forschung
                                                                                                      15 harm [ hɑːm] – Schaden

                                                                                                                           Gate October | 2018      5
The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
a2–b1 Tradition                 Tracks 4   tf Activities

   What is Halloween? It’s
   that silly holiday that
   Americans and some
   people in the UK celebrate,
   with all the candy,
   costumes, and pumpkins,
   right? Well, that’s partly
   right. Halloween used to
   be celebrated mainly in the
   US and UK, but it’s getting
                                                                    Denmark  celebrates the holiday with pumpkins. Families and
   more and more popular                                            neighborhoods come together to carve9 beautiful jack-o’-lanterns and drink
   in other places as well.                                         hot chocolate. On the other hand, trick-or-treating hasn’t really caught on*
                                                                    there. Actually in Denmark there is a festival called Fastelavn, during which
   Megan LeBoeuf (USA)                                              children also dress up and go from door to door and ask for candy.

   Where It All Started                                    Symbols like pumpkins, spiders, bats,          parties – or helping their children buy or
   Although it is connected with the Christian             and black cats are now connected with          make a costume.
                                                           Halloween in America. For young children,
   holidays All Hallows’ Eve and All Saints’ Day
                                                           it’s a fun holiday about free candy and        Back into the World
   now, Halloween started as a Celtic holiday                                                             Such fun couldn’t be kept only in America,
   called Samhain. Summer was ending and                   dressing up as their favorite characters.
                                                           For teenagers, it’s often about mischief7,     of course. Over time, the traditions have
   the long, dark, cold winter was coming.                                                                spread8 to other countries, many bringing
                                                           pranks*, scary stories, and urban legends*.
   People lit1 bonfires2 and wore costumes to                                                             something special to the celebrations.
   scare away ghosts.                                      For adults, it’s usually about costume

   Americanization
   The most recognizable3 symbols of                        Mexico  celebrates Día de
   Halloween these days come from America.                  los Muertos, or The Day of the
   The holiday wasn’t celebrated much in                    Dead, at Halloween time. This
   early America, but when a lot of Irish and               holiday is less about candy
   English immigrants4 started arriving in the              and costumes, and more
   late 1800s, they brought the old traditions              about remembering dead
   with them. In America, the traditions grew,              family members. Families
   and people started dressing in costumes                  decorate the graves10 of their
   and going from house to house asking                     loved ones and keep an altar11
   for money and treats5. The holiday was                   in their homes with photos
   separated from religion6 and became about                of dead relatives. Many
   communities and having parties and eating                people believe their spirits12
   sweets. Eventually the traditions changed                will come back to visit at this
   into the trick-or-treating we know today,                time. Typical symbols are
   where children dress in costumes and go                  skulls13 and skeletons, which
   door to door asking for candy.                           appear as masks and toys.

   6    Gate October | 2018
The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
Japan  doesn’t do trick-or-treating at
                                          all, but the Japanese definitely love their
                                                                                                            Discuss
                                          costumes. In fact, there are huge parades14
                                          in cities like Tokyo, where thousands of                          Is Halloween a popular holiday in
                                          people wearing elaborate15 costumes can                           your country? Would you like it to
                                                                                                            be? Why or why not?
                                          be seen on busy streets and squares.
                                                                                                            What is your favorite Halloween
                                                                                                            tradition from the article? Which
                                                                                                            country would you like to live in on
                                                                                                            Halloween?

                                                                                                               Glossary
France has adopted the
                                                                                                            prank – a joke on somebody
American traditions of putting on
                                                                                                            urban legend – a (usually scary)
scary costumes and going to parties
                                                                                                            story which people say is true even
in recent years. In some places,                                                                            though it probably never happened
people go from door to door asking                                                                          to catch on – to become popular
for treats. But they don’t visit
people’s houses – they visit shops.
                                                                                                             BrE vs AmE

                                                                                                            advert (BrE) × commercial (AmE)
                                                                                                            sweets (BrE) × candy (AmE)
                                                        Germany  has pumpkin festivals,                     favourite (BrE) × favorite (AmE)
                                                        and celebrating with parties and                    Halloween lanterns (BrE) ×
                                                        costumes is getting more popular                       jack-o’-lanterns (AmE)
                                                                                                            neighbourhoods (BrE) ×
                                                        with young people. But not
                                                                                                               neighborhoods (AmE)
                                                        everywhere. October 31st is also
                                                        Reformation Day, an important
                                                        religious holiday for Protestants.                   Vocabulary
                                                        Some people in Protestant regions
                                                        see Halloween as a pagan16 festival                  1 to light [laɪt] – anzünden
                                                                                                             2 bonfire [ˈbɒnfaɪə(r)] – Feuer
                                                        that should not be allowed on this
                                                                                                             3 recognizable [ ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl] –
                                                        Christian day.                                         erkennbar
                                                                                                             4 immigrant [ ˈɪmɪɡrənt] –
                                                                                                               Einwanderer
                                                                                                             5 treat [triːt] – Süßigkeit
                                                                                                             6 religion [ rɪˈlɪdʒən] – Religion
                                 Hong Kong and China might have the                                          7 mischief [ ˈmɪstʃɪf] – Schabernack
                                 scariest tradition of all: the Hungry Ghost Festival.                       8 to spread [ spred] – verteilen
                                                                                                             9 to carve [kɑːv] – schnitzen
                                 For the whole seventh month of the lunar
                                                                                                            10 grave [ɡreɪv] – Grab
                                 calendar, tradition says that the dead freely walk                         11 altar [ˈɔːltə(r)] – Altar
                                 around the land of the living. Nice spirits might                          12 spirit [ ˈspɪrɪt] – Geist
                                 visit their family, but there are also dangerous                           13 skull [skʌl] – Totenkopf
                                 ones around. People burn fake17 paper money for                            14 parade [ pəˈreɪd] – Festzug
                                                                                                            15 elaborate [ ɪˈlæbərət] – kunstvoll
                                 the dead to use in the afterlife, as well as offering
                                                                                                            16 pagan [ ˈpeɪɡən] – heidnisch
                                 them food and other items to keep them happy.                              17 fake [ feɪk] – falsch
                                 If the ghosts aren’t fed, they might get angry.                            18 witchcraft [ˈwɪtʃkrɑːft] – Hexerei

                                                                                         Task         Match the countries
                                                                                                      with the traditions.

South Africa has some                                                                    1   Denmark             a    pumpkin festivals
Halloween celebrations,                                                                  2   USA                 b    the center of Halloween
though nothing as big as in
many other countries. Trick-
                                                                                         3   France              c    only private parties
or-treating is not popular,                                                              4   Hong Kong           d    costume play
but private parties, including
                                                                                         5   Mexico              e    burning paper money
parties at nightclubs, are
more common. Most Africans                                                               6   South Africa        f    pumpkin carving
are against the idea of
                                                                                         7   Japan               g    trick-or-treating in shops
Halloween because they feel
it represents witchcraft18.                                                              8   Germany             h    altars for dead loved ones

                                                                                                                                      → Solutions in tf

                                                                                                                              Gate October | 2018     7
The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
A2-B1 Stories                    Track 5   tf Lesson Plan 1

   Unsolved                                                                                          Mysteries
   Not everything in this world
   is understandable. As                                                                                           The Oakville
   humans, we love to try to find
                                                                                                                   Blobs12
   the logic behind everything,
   but some things just cannot
   be explained. Here are a few
   of the world’s strangest
   unsolved1 mysteries.
   Liam Peach (UK)

    The Voynich Manuscript2

                                                              Jack the Ripper6

                                                                                                                   Theories People thought the blobs
                                                                                                                   could be waste from an aeroplane toilet,
                                                                                                                   but all American aeroplane toilet waste
                                                                                                                   is dyed15 blue. Another theory was that
                                                                                                                   the blobs were the result of a military
                                                                                                                   experiment.

    Theories Many different famous
    philosophers and scientists have been
    suggested as possible authors. Some
    people believe the book is an early
    medical guide, others say it is the work
    of aliens.                                                Theories There are many theories
                                                              about the identity of Jack the Ripper.
                                                              At the time, the police had a number
                                                              of suspects10, but nobody was ever
                                                              charged11. The list includes people such
                                                              as William Withey Gull, Queen Victoria’s
                                                              doctor, Robert Donston Stephenson,
                                                              a journalist who wrote about the
                                                              murders, Alexander Pedachenko,
                                                              a Russian doctor, and even Prince Albert
                                                              Victor, Queen Victoria’s grandson.

        Vocabulary

        1 unsolved [ˌʌnˈsɒlvd] – ungelöst         8 victim [ˈvɪktɪm] – Opfer
        2 manuscript [ ˈmænjuskrɪpt] –            9 to claim [kleɪm] – behaupten
          Manuskript                              10 suspect [ˈsʌspekt] – Verdächtiger              Discuss
        3 code [kəʊd] – Code                     11 to charge [tʃɑːdʒ] – anklagen                                            On the next page
        4 linguist [ ˈlɪŋɡwɪst] –                12 blob [ blɒb] – Tropfen                         Do you know any           read a comic strip
          Sprachwissenschaftler                   13 jelly-like substance                           other unsolved            about another
        5 to examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] – untersuchen       [ˈdʒeli- laɪk ˈsʌbstəns] – gelartige Substanz   mysteries? Can            famous unsolved
        6 to rip [rɪp] – reißen                  14 blood cell [ ˈblʌd sel] – Blutkörperchen       you tell the class        mystery.
        7 surgeon [ ˈsɜːdʒən] – Chirurg          15 to dye [daɪ] – färben                          about them?

    8     Gate October | 2018
The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
Tracks 6, 7   tf Activities        stories A2–b1

        pass – Pass, incident – Unfall, experienced – erfahren, search party – Suchmannschaft, inquest – Untersuchung,
massive internal injuries – schwere innere Verletzungen, hypothermia – Unterkühlung, to confirm – bestätigen, case – Fall

                                                                                                 Gate October | 2018   9
The End of Sugar? Superfoods of Tomorrow - Launch Issue free for Teachers - bridge | gate
b1 People               Track 8   tf Activities

                                                                         When Europeans arrived in America in 1492, there were
                                                                            at least 8 million Native Americans – and maybe as
                                                                         many as 112 million, according to some estimates1. They
                                                                           lived in tribes2 across what is now the United States
                                                                       (including Hawaii and Alaska). Today, all of the tribes have
                                                                       decreased3 in size, and some have disappeared, but there
                                                                          are still 562 tribes. The biggest include the Cherokee,
                                                                                  the Navajo [ˈnævəhəʊ] and the Sioux [suː].
                                                                                                  Molly Emmett (USA)

                                                   expansion7, the Sioux started to have           important Sioux
                                                   conflicts with the US government over land.     site, the Black
                                                   At the same time, the white settlers8 were      Hills, a war started.
                                                   killing bison, taking away the tribe’s only     Sitting Bull was
                                                   food.                                           a Lakota holy10
                                                                                                   man and leader
                                                   Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse                      who, in 1876, had
                                                   Two of the best-known Sioux in history          a vision that many
                                                   are Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. Both of       US soldiers would
                                                   them helped their people fight against          fall at a Lakota              Sitting Bull
                                                   unfair American policies9. In the mid-1800s,    camp. Three weeks
   The Sioux                                       conflicts grew because the government           later, his tribe and
                                                   allowed white settlers to build on Sioux        the Cheyenne defeated the white soldiers
   Each tribe has a different story to tell. One   land, even after signing an agreement to        at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. The
   of the best known is the Great Sioux Nation,    protect it. When gold was discovered at an      Lakota Sioux were led by Crazy Horse.
   which is actually made up of seven groups,
   or “nations,” in the central north plains4
   of the United States and parts of Canada.
   The Sioux are divided into three groups
   according to language: Eastern Dakota,
   Western Dakota, and Lakota. The name Sioux
   does not come from any of these dialects.
   It actually comes from a French explorer’s
   version of the name he heard other tribes
   using, and wrote down in French. That is
   why the spelling might seem strange.

   Bison Hunters & Warriors5
   The Sioux famously hunted bison and
   moved a lot on the plains following the
   animals. The bison gave them everything
   they needed: food, hides6 for their tepees
   and bones for tools. The Lakota Sioux were        The Battle of the Little Bighorn
   also great warriors. With the westward

   10   Gate October | 2018
The Last Resistance                                                    The Wounded Knee                    Protesting
Sitting Bull’s vision inspired                                         Massacre                            DAPL
the Sioux to keep fighting.                                           After his death, some of
However, the US government                                            Sitting Bull’s tribe tried to
sent more soldiers. Crazy                                             escape. About two weeks
Horse died the next year                                              later, on December 29th 1890,
when resisting11 arrest and                                           they were stopped by about           In 2016, an oil company planned
Sitting Bull moved his group into Canada.             500 US soldiers. To this day, no one knows           to build the Dakota Access Pipeline
Then, in 1890, the Sioux tried to fight back          how the shooting started, but somehow it             (DAPL), which would carry oil from
one more time. During this period, an                 did. There was complete chaos in the camp            North Dakota to Illinois, passing close
American Indian movement (= Bewegung)                 by Wounded Knee Creek. The Sioux tried               to the Standing Rock Reservation and
called the Ghost Dance became popular. Its            to fight back, but they had no guns. After it        almost certainly infecting their water
followers believed that performing a special          ended, more than 150 Lakota men, women               source and destroying ancient graves.
circle dance could help bring back dead               and children were dead, along with 20 US             The Standing Rock Sioux, as well as
spirits12 and make white colonists leave. The         soldiers. It became known as the Wounded             many other American Indian and non-
US government was afraid of the movement              Knee Massacre, and it was one of the last            Indian activists, began to peacefully
and thought Sitting Bull would join it. They          armed13 fights between American Indians and          protest the project by camping out on
tried to arrest him at the Standing Rock              the US government. Since then, the Sioux             the land. People around the United
reservation* in South Dakota, and during              have continued living in many reservations           States and the world supported them,
the fight he was shot and killed.                     across the north central US and Canada.              and eventually the Army Corps of
                                                                                                           Engineers under President Barack
                                                                                                           Obama temporarily stopped the
                                                                                                           project to do more environmental
                                                                                                           research. However, when Donald
                                                                                                           Trump became president in January
                                                                                                           2017, he made a decision to let the
                                                                                                           project continue. All of the protesters
                                                                                                           had to leave by February, and the
                                                                                                           pipeline was completed in April 2017.

                                                                                                                    Glossary

                                   Project Find information
                                about the other tribes mentioned
                                  in the article and present it to
                                your class. How did they live and                                              The Standing Rock reservation –
                                      how do they live now?                                                    a reservation in North and South
                                                                                                               Dakota where the Sioux had to move
                                                                                                               in the 1860s

   Task       Read the definitions and
              find the words in the text.
                                                                                                                Vocabulary

     1    a famous Sioux spiritual leader                                                                       1  estimate [ˈestɪmət] – Schätzung
                                                                                                                2 tribe [traɪb] – Stamm
     2    a place set by the US government for the Sioux to live                                                3 to decrease [dɪˈkriːs] – verringern
                                                                                                                4 plain [pleɪn] – Ebene
     3    one of the Sioux groups famous for its courage                                                        5 warrior [ ˈwɒriə(r)] – Krieger
                                                                                                                6 hide [ haɪd] – Fell
     4    the year of the famous defeat of US soldiers by the Native Americans                                  7 expansion [ɪkˈspænʃn] – Ausdehnung
                                                                                                                8 settler [ˈsetlə(r)] – Siedler
     5    a place in South Dakota where a large number of Native Americans were shot                            9 policy [ˈpɒləsi] – Politik
                                                                                                               10 holy [ ˈhəʊli] – Heiliger
     6    two things common in Sioux culture                                                                   11 to resist [rɪˈzɪst] – widersetzen
                                                                                                               12 dead spirit [ ˈspɪrɪt] – verstorbene
                                                                                                                  Geist
     7    a ritual Native Americans did to make white people go away
                                                                                                               13 armed [ɑːmd] – bewaffnet

                                                                                       → Solutions in tf

                                                                                                                                 Gate October | 2018      11
a2–B1 animals

                                                                                                                            (UK)
                                                                                                            n-D   ouglas 
                                                                                                       ngto

                                                                                 d
                                                                                               Farri
                                                                                          Paul

                                                                               l
                                                                           Wi ts
                                                                          S t r e e           al s T h at
                                                                                         Anim in Cities
                                                                                         Live

   It is more and more difficult for many wild animals to live in the countryside.
   Farmers use pesticides that kill insects. This means there is less food for small
   mammals1 and birds – and that means there is less food for predators2. Also,
   farmers kill animals like wolves, foxes and badgers3. And roads make it difficult
   for larger animals to move around. What can a poor, hungry animal do?

   A
                ll over the
                world there         Nightlife in English Towns
                are animals         Around 150,000 foxes live in England’s towns
                that have           and cities – there are about 18 per square
   found a different way to         kilometre in London, for example. They live
   survive4. They have moved        in underground homes called earths, and
   to the cities. Cities are also   England’s towns have lots of places to dig,
   dangerous for animals, of        such as along the sides of railway tracks5.
   course. But humans eat           People often think urban foxes are terrible
   a lot of food, and a lot of      because they knock over6 rubbish bins7 to
   it is thrown away where          get food. It’s true that the leftovers8 from
   animals can get it easily.       a barbecue make a great meal for a fox.
   And some animals in some         But foxes are great hunters, and cities are
   cities don’t even wait for       home to millions of mice, rats and delicious
   that – they take food from       fat pigeons9. Much better than junk food10
   gardens, from shops and          every day.
   even from people’s hands.
   Here are a few examples
   of animals that live and
                                                                                   Pigging Out* in Germany
   do well in cities all around                                                    Wild boar** are more and more common in several
   the world.                                                                      European cities, but Berlin is Boar City – around
                                                                                   3,000-6,000 live there. They often live in parks with
                                                                                   lots of trees. They can eat almost anything, but they
                                                                                   are big animals (the largest males weigh around
                                                                                   200 kilogrammes) and they need to eat a lot.
                                                                                   In cities, people often see wild boar eating rubbish.
                                                                                   That’s only part of what they eat, though. Mostly
                                                                                   they eat plants and roots11. They get this by
                                                                                   rooting – digging up the ground with their snouts12 –
                                                                                   and they often destroy gardens and roads.

   12    Gate October | 2018
Monkeying Around*

                                                                                                     F e r a l
                                                                          n                        g
Hundreds of Hanuman langurs

                                                                      o i
(a kind of monkey) live in the

                                                                    G
Indian city of Jodhpur. They
live on the city’s roofs and steal
food wherever they can – from
rubbish bins, from street markets,
even from people’s homes.
The Hanuman langur is
a sacred13 animal in the Hindu
religion. Some langur groups
live in the gardens of Hindu
temples14, and people bring
them food. These langurs are so
well-fed and healthy that they
have twice as many babies as
other wild langurs.
                                       Many urban animals live                  An area of North London has        Humans began keeping
                                       in cities because we have                hundreds of wild parrots, the      them for food and to use
                                       destroyed the countryside.               descendants17 of pets from         as messenger pigeons, and
                                       But some are feral16,                    a home in the 1950s.               we took them everywhere
                                       which means that they                    And did you know that              in the world (we took the
                                       were first brought to the                pigeons are also feral? They       first pigeons to America in
                                       city by humans as pets                   are also known as rock             1606). Many escaped, and
                                       or food. Egyptian towns                  doves (= Klippentaube). Wild       they were the great-great-
                                       like Sharm El Sheikh, for                rock doves live on sea-            great grandfathers and
A Bird’s-Eye View of                   instance, are home to tens               cliffs and in the mountains.       grandmothers of all the city
                                       of thousands of feral cats.                                                 pigeons all over the world.
the City
The Peregrine falcon                                                                                 **The usual plural of boar is the same as singular: boar.
(= Wanderfalke) lives almost
everywhere in the world, from          Task 1         Which animal(s)                                Discuss
Europe to Australia. But the                          mentioned in the article…
                                                                                                     What was the last wild animal you saw?
world’s biggest population lives
somewhere surprising: New York            A     …eat pigeons?                                        Have you seen any wild animals in your
                                                                                                     town / city?
City. It’s a perfect place for them.
                                          B     …destroy gardens looking for food?                   Have you seen any feral animals?
They live on tall skyscrapers
(which are very like cliffs15).          C      …live in places high above the ground?
                                                                                                     Do you think it is good to have wild
They can fly very easily because                                                                     animals in cities? Why / Why not?
of the warm air rising from the          D      …are the heaviest?
city’s buildings and cars. And,
best of all, there are lots and lots      E     …are feral?                                               Glossary
of delicious pigeons.                                                                                to pig out – to eat lots of food
                                          F     …are mammals?
Because the city is safe, warm                                                                       to monkey around – to act in a silly way
and full of food, the New York
peregrines do not need to
migrate in winter. Life is easy in     Task 2         Match the names with
                                                                                                      Vocabulary
the Big Apple.                                        the animals.
                                                                                                      1 mammal [ˈmæml] – Säugetier
                                            1                 2                   3                   2 predator [ ˈpredətə(r)] – Jäger
                                                                                                      3 badger [ ˈbædʒə(r)] – Dachs
                                                                                                      4 to survive [səˈvaɪv] – überleben
                                                                                                      5 railway track [ ˈreɪlweɪ træk] –
                                                                                                        Eisenbahngleis
                                                                                                      6 to knock over [nɒk ˈəʊvə(r)] – umwerfen
                                                                                                      7 rubbish bin [ ˈrʌbɪʃ bɪn] – Abfalleimer
                                                  4                   5
                                                                                                      8 leftovers [ˈleftəʊvə(r)z] – Essensreste
                                                                                          6           9 pigeon [ˈpɪdʒɪn] – Taube
                                                                                                     10 junk food [dʒʌŋk] – Junk-Food
                                                                                                     11 root [ruːt] – Wurzel
                                                                                                     12 snout [ snaʊt] – Schnauze
                                                                                                     13 sacred [ ˈseɪkrɪd] – heilig
                                        A     pigeon       b  magpie        c  roe deer              14 temple [ˈtempl] – Tempel
                                                                                                     15 cliff [klɪf] – Klippe
                                         d  hare        e  badger          F   squirrel
                                                                                                     16 feral [ˈferəl] – wild
                                                                                                     17 descendant [dɪˈsendənt] – Nachkomme
                                       → Die Lösungen zu den Übungen finden Sie auf www.bphi.de.

                                                                                                                                  Gate October | 2018     13
A2–B1 Spotlight                tf Activities

                                               The City of Dreams

                                                                         Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus: A historic railway station

   Do you know how Bombay ended up in British hands?                                                   community. They are very hard-working
                                                                                                       people who make all sorts of high-quality
   In the 17th century the Portuguese princess Catherine of                                            things. Dharavi’s leather7 market is
   Braganza married King Charles II and became Queen                                                   particularly known for its cheap and long-
                                                                                                       lasting products.
   Consort* of England. Portugal gave the seven islands
                                                                                                       The Daily Fight
   of Bombay to England as part of the Queen’s dowry1.                                                Mumbai is an enormous city that is full of
   Tess Joss (India)                                                                                   life. With a population of 20 million, the
                                                                                                       streets, trains and buses are always crowded.
                                                                                                       It is a city where people do not have time for
   Mumbai or Bombay?                             sometimes the poor housing conditions                 anything. Every day is a fight, from getting
   In the past four centuries, the city has      do not tell the whole story. Some of these            a crowded local train to work, to earning
   been called by many different names. The      tiny makeshift6 homes have large-screen               enough money to live in this expensive city.
   Portuguese called it Bombaim, meaning         televisions and it is difficult to say exactly        In India, Mumbai is known as the City of
   “good bay2”. The British called it by its     how rich their inhabitants are. Even if they          Dreams. People from all over the country
   anglicised name, Bombay.                      have money, they choose not to move                   move to the city in the hope of building
                                                 out of the slum because they love the                 a better and richer life. One of the people
   In 1995 the Indian people decided to
   do away with3 this name because of its
   connections with colonialism, and the city
   became Mumbai, which was one of the
   names the place had before the arrival of
   the Europeans.
   Mumbai is India's largest city, located
   on the west coast. Besides being the
   commercial capital of the country, it is
   also home to India’s famous film industry4,
   Bollywood. Ever wondered why it is called
   that? Simple – because it is Bombay’s
   answer to Hollywood. Therefore the B
   instead of the H.

   Mumbai Mix
   Mumbai is a city of contrasts. Here you can
   see the richest people meeting the poorest
   people every minute of the day. You can
   find luxurious5 skyscrapers standing right
   next to dirty slums. Mumbai has the second
   largest slum in Asia, called Dharavi. But

   14    Gate October | 2018
Discuss
                                                                                                             Would you like to visit Mumbai? Why /
                                                                                                             Why not?
                                                                                                             What would be interesting about seeing
                                                                                                             Mumbai?
                                                                                                             Have you ever visited a big city? Which
                                                                                                             one? What was it like?

                                                                                                                    History Point

                                                                                                              Mumbai used to have seven
                                                                                                              islands, but thanks to reclaiming
                                                                                                              (= Zurückgewinnen) land from the sea,
                                                                                                              they are now all connected and make
                                                    and is welcomed by the millions of Mumbai-                up the southern part of the city.
                                                    dwellers12 after five months of terrible
                                                    heat. The sun rarely comes out during the
                                                    monsoon months, which is something                             Glossary
                                                    that Indians appreciate (we hate the heat).
                                                                                                              Queen Consort – the
                                                    However, the disadvantage of such a long
                                                                                                              wife of the king in power
                                                    period of non-stop rain is that the city gets
                                                    flooded13 every year, and people die. The
                                                    advantage to it is that, because the city
                                                    stops, people are excused from going to                    Vocabulary
who made it8 is the Indian actor Shahrukh
Khan, known as the King of Bollywood.               work and schools close until a time when                   1 dowry [ˈdaʊri] – Mitgift
                                                    water levels in the city come down.                        2 bay [ beɪ] – Bucht
Friends in Need                                                                                                3 to do away with – abschaffen
There are many things about it that make it         Mumbai Lessons                                             4 industry [ˈɪndəstri] – Industrie
                                                    Mumbai is a city that truly needs to be                    5 luxurious [ lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs] – luxuriös
a marvellous place to live. Because people
                                                    experienced. Mumbai teaches you one very                   6 makeshift [ˈmeɪkʃɪft] – notdürftig
here do not have time, they don’t have                                                                         7 leather [ˈleðə(r)] – Leder
conflicts with other people. In difficult times,    important lesson: that you need very little                8 to make it – es schaffen
people go out of their way to help each             to live, and even the little things you have               9 riot [ˈraɪət] – Aufstand
other out. In the past few decades, Mumbai          can always be shared with the stranger                    10 natural disaster [ˈnætʃrəl dɪˈzɑːstə(r)] –
                                                    travelling in the local train beside you.                    Naturkatastrophe
has seen a few terrible terrorist attacks,
                                                    Its sea will remind you that even among all               11 to recover [rɪˈkʌvə(r)] – erholen
riots9 and natural disasters10. Despite all this,                                                             12 dweller [ˈdwelə(r)] – Bewohner
the city recovered11 in no time.                    the chaos, you’ll have a place for rest, quiet            13 flood, to get flooded [flʌd ˈflʌdɪd] –
                                                    and peace. And once you take in the spirit                   Überflutung, wird überflutet
The Monsoon                                         of Mumbai, you will find
The best time in the city is the monsoon.           yourself forever changed.
The monsoon season lasts for three months           For the better, definitely.
                                                                                            Task          Choose the correct word to
                                                                                                          complete the sentences.

                                                                                              1      Bombay became British through war / marriage.

                                                                                                     Mumbai was chosen as the official name of
                                                                                              2      the city to forget / remember its colonial past.

                                                                                              3      All / Not all the residents of Dharavi are poor.

                                                                                                     Everyday life involves travelling by comfortable /
                                                                                              4      crowded trains and high / low prices.

                                                                                                     In difficult times, people in Mumbai
                                                                                              5      help / don’t help each other.

                                                                                                     The monsoon season lasts two / three
                                                                                              6      months and it means schools close / open.

                                                                                                     In Mumbai you will learn that
                                                                                              7      you need very little / a lot.

                                                                                                                                              → Solutions in tf

                                                                                                                                      Gate October | 2018      15
a2–b1 Leaders                   Track 9   tf Activities

          Gandhi, the Activist
  Mahatma Gandhi was one of the
  world’s most famous activists.
  He promoted1 peaceful2 activism
  and his actions still influence3
  people today. His journey
  from a young child,
  growing up in India, to
  one of the most famous
                                                                                                  Indian Independence8
  names in history is a                                                                           When Gandhi returned to India, he was
  fascinating one.                                                                                shocked to see how poor his country was.
                                                                                                  He wanted to improve the living conditions9
  Karen Cryer (UK)                                                                                for his people, leading many protests, and
                                                                                                  was put in prison many times. At the time,
                                                                                                  the UK ruled10 India, and Gandhi wanted
  The Beginnings of Greatness
                                                                                                  India to be independent. The protests he led
  Gandhi was born on October 2nd 1869.
                                                                                                  were peaceful – people would go on strike
  He often fought for the rights4 of poor
                                                                                                  (not work), march and sit in the streets.
  people, so it’s surprising that his family
                                                                                                  When Gandhi was put in prison he would
  was well-off5. His father worked for the
                                                                                                  often fast (not eat) in protest. Because the
  government and Gandhi had a comfortable
                                                                                                  Indian people loved Gandhi, the British
  childhood. His mother taught him
                                                                                                  always had to let him go from prison – if he
  everything about the Hindu religion6.
                                                                                                  died, there would be chaos.
  Teenage Rebellion                                                                               Peace Brings Change
  Gandhi was a teenage rebel. He stopped
                                                                                                  Finally, in 1947, Britain agreed to give India
  following the Hindu religion, ate meat, drank
                                                                                                  independence. However, they divided the
  alcohol and spent time with girls. At the young
                                                                                                  country in two – Hindu India and Muslim
  age of 13, Gandhi married a girl called Kasturba, who
                                                                                                  Pakistan. Gandhi and the Indian people
  was 14. This sounds crazy now, but back then in India
                                                                                                  were not happy and many riots11 started in
  it wasn’t so unusual to get married at such a young
                                                                                                  which a lot of people died. Gandhi fasted
  age. The marriage was arranged by his parents.
                                                                                                  to make people stop the violence12. He
  Learning Law                                                                                    was successful in Calcutta and New Delhi,
  After his father died, Gandhi felt it was important to                                          but his life ended suddenly. He was killed
  improve himself. He studied law in London. However,                                             by a Hindu fanatic. However, his message
  when he returned to India to be a lawyer, he was not                                            about peaceful protest is still alive today.
  successful. He took a job in South Africa and it was
  there that he really started to fight for what was right.

  Peaceful Protest
                                                                                                                     CD Listening

                                                                                                                                    Listen to interesting
                                                                                                                                    facts about Gandhi and
  In South Africa, Gandhi and other Indian immigrants
                                                                                                                                    do an exercise in TF.
  were discriminated against because of their skin
  colour. For example, Gandhi was once thrown off
                                                                                                          Vocabulary

                                                              a train even though he bought               1   to promote [prəˈməʊt] – einsetzen
                                                              a first class ticket. There were            2   peaceful [ˈpiːsfl] – friedlich
                                                              other anti-Indian laws, too.                3   to influence [ˈɪnfluəns] – prägen
                                                                                                          4   rights [ˈraɪts] – Rechte
                                                              Gandhi led over 2,000 people                5   well-off [ˌwel ˈɒf] – wohlhabend
                                                              in a march7 to protest for their            6   religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən] – Religion
                                                              rights and was put in prison.               7   march [mɑːtʃ] – Marsch
                                                              After nine months he was set free           8   independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns] –
                                                              and South Africa changed the                    Unabhängigkeit
                                                                                                          9   conditions [ kənˈdɪʃnz] – Bedingungen
                                                              laws that discriminated against            10   to rule [ ruːl] – regieren
                                                              Indians. By peaceful protest,              11   riots [ ˈraɪəts] – Unruhen
                                                              he had improved the lives of               12    violence [ˈvaɪələns] – Gewalt
                                                              thousands of people.

  16   Gate October | 2018
PUZZLE  a2

                                                                              Come in, come in, Agent Gate. But

                                                               Agent Gate
                                                       A   )
                                                   (US
                                            euf 

                          Mega
                                 nL
                                      eBo
                                                                              please, let’s speak quietly. We
                                                                             have a man in the next room who
                                                                             is very, very upset. Unfortunately,
                                                                             we don’t understand exactly
                                                                             what’s wrong. He can’t even
                                                                             speak normally! We think some
                                                                             of the words he’s saying are
                                                                            scrambled (= verdreht). We need
                                                                            your help unscrambling them.
                                                                            You can go in and talk to him
                                                                            now. Just be careful! We don’t
                                                                            know if he’s dangerous.

An Interview ther               d o c tor? I te
                                                     ll you, I
                                                         y  di d n
                                                                   ’m
                                                                   ’t
         e  you? Ano                    8 ) !  I nearl
Wh o  ar
not crazy
              ! I’m a t
                            imc
                            t o
                                 i
                                 g
                                   v
                                   o
                                      (
                                       there, to
                                                       the pl e a c
                                                              people,
                                                                            Next Steps
        ve !  Y ou have                a   (6 – 7). Those                                                         be not. A lot of strange
su  rvi
              y have th
                            e ra   l t                    They have         Maybe this man is crazy… but may
 where the                           i c t   (22–23).                                                             We need you to find the place
               ot just c
                             er c e n
                                                       think cat
                                                                    s       things are happening these days.
 they’re n                       g  ( 1 6). They                 y ,                                              what’s there. But first we have to
                 of ile   ri n o                     ely   cr az            he’s talking about and go and see
  some kind                           . Absolut                      want                                             he’s not speaking clearly…
           ho   (1 0– 11)! Crazy            r st a nd , I don’t             figure out where it is. And of cour
                                                                                                                  se,
  are ly                        to   u n de
                                                        hat t h e y
                  You have               ’t care w                                                                  that. Not in the blue house!
  they are.             –5). I don                      eople. Th
                                                                      ey    It was on Apple Street, I remember
             i co m  (4                       t a nt  p                                                           the  bank. It was the red house.
   to lanp                     ar e   i mp o r
                                                         nment   .  W hat    That one’s between the park     and
                 but they                   the gover                                                                  only red house that is not next
   believe,                  – 2 1 )  i n                     i de a s?      Red! But just the one red house. The
                 fleen (20            rld with
                                                     these                                                            e is west of the park, of course,
   have cuni             o  t he   w o                                       to another red house! The post offic
                   do t
    will they                                                                with three houses in between. And
                                                                                                                     why is the school next to the
                                                                                                                       ses west of the supermarket,
                                                                             supermarket? There are two red hou
                                                                                                                   k. The most beautiful house on
                                                                             of course, between it and the ban
                                                                                                                    east of the post office. I know
                                                                              the street is the yellow one to the
                                                                                                                 yello  w house. There are two more
                                                                              there’s a red house next to that
                                                                                                                    of the school. The house west
                                                                              yellow houses on that street, east
                                                                                                                    the cafe! There are four houses
                                                                              of the park is red, too. Don’t go to
                                                                                                                    There are blue houses, two of
                                                                               between the cafe and the school.
                                                                                                                        cafe,
                                                                               them, one east and one west of that
                                                                                             red hou se wes t of the  wes  t
                                                                               and another
                                                                                         Quic kly, you have to stop  them    !
                                                                               blue one.

 Die Lösungen zu den Übungen finden Sie auf www.bphi.de.

                                                                                                                                  Gate October | 2018   17
a2–B1 Geography                                   Track 10   tf Lesson Plan 2

   Have you ever heard of

                                                                                                              A r ound
   Worcestershire? You probably
   know the sauce, but why is
   it called that? And you know
   about Yorkshire, which gave
   a name to a dog. But why is
   Yorkshire called that? And
   if you’ve read or seen Alice
   in Wonderland, you’ve met
   the Cheshire cat. All these
   things are named after the
   places they are from – more
   specifically, the counties1 they
   are from. In the UK, counties
   are the areas the country is
   divided into. As you can see,
   the names of many of the                                                                                           1 Cornwall
                                                                                                                      2 Oxfordshire

   counties are often made from                                                                                       3 Berkshire

   taking the biggest or most
   important town or city and
   adding “shire” (Worcester +
   shire = Worcestershire). Let’s
                                                                                                                  2
   visit a few of the counties                                                                                    3

   of England.
                                                                                                     1

   Liam Peach (UK)

   Oxfordshire                                                                                                                           Cornwall
   population                682,400                                                                                                     population   563,600
   county town                 Oxford                                                                                                    county town   Truro

   Oxfordshire is of course best-known for its county                                                                                     Not all the counties end in
   town, Oxford, with its world-famous university.                                                                                        “shire” and Cornwall is one of
   Oxford University is so old that, nobody knows                                                                                         them. And that is maybe no
   exactly when it was founded2! We do know that                                                                                          surprise because Cornwall is
   there has been a place for education3 there since                                                                                      a unique6 county. It is the most
   1096. If you’ve seen any of the Harry Potter films,                                                                                    south-western part of Great
   you have seen Oxford University – many of its                                                                                          Britain and is surrounded by
   historical buildings were used to film scenes in                                                                                       sea to the north, west and
   Hogwarts, the school for witches and wizards. And                                                                                      south. Because of this, it has
   Harry Potter is not the only film to use Oxfordshire                         miles of coastline7 and beaches and is one of the most beautiful places in the UK.
   landmarks4 – the James Bond film Spectre used                                It is also the best place in the country for surfing. Cornwall is the traditional home
   Winston Churchill’s birthplace Blenheim Palace                               of the Cornish people – Celts who had their own language and customs8. Many of
   for some scenes, and TV shows like Downton                                   the inhabitants of this county can trace9 their roots10 back to their Celtic ancestors11,
   Abbey and Midsomer Murders have also been                                    and although less than 1 % of modern Cornish people can speak the language, it
   made in the county. And it is not just film and TV                           lives on in the names of towns, businesses, people and in modern Cornish dialect.
   companies that like Oxfordshire, it is one of the                            Cornwall is still a very independent place, and Cornish people are very proud of their
   most popular places in England for tourists too.                             history and traditions. Perhaps the best thing to come out of Cornwall is the Cornish
                                                                                                                                          pasty – a savoury12 meal of
                                                                                                                                          beef, swede13, potato and
   D id Y ou K now ?

                                                                                D id Y ou K now ?

                       Oxford has more published5 writers                             Cornwall has its own
                       per square mile* than anywhere                                 saint – Saint Piran. His day                        onion wrapped in pastry14 and
                       else on Earth! Writers who have                                is celebrated on March 5th                          cooked. Delicious, or as the
                       a connection with Oxford include                               with parades15, concerts and                        Cornish would say, dentethyel!
                       J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Oscar                                            dancing. Some towns even
                       Wilde and Philip Pullman.                                                    give out free Cornish pasties!

   18                   Gate October | 2018
ound the C ounti e s

                                                                                                                Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire

                                                                             Berkshire
                                                                                                                      CD Listening

                                                                                                                                     Listen to
                                                                                                                                     the recording about
                                                                             population   905,800                                    another county.

                                                                             county town Berkshire
                                                                             doesn’t have a county town –
                                                                             the biggest town is Reading        Glossary

                                                                               People sometimes             square mile – 2.6 km2
                                                                               forget about Berkshire,      dialect – a form of language
                                                                               (pronounced ˈbɑːrkʃər),      spoken in a particular region, area
                                                                               and it’s true that some of
                                                                               its towns like Slough and
                                                                                                             Vocabulary
                                                                               Reading don’t live very
                                                                               long in the memory, but      1  county [ˈkaʊnti] – Staat
                                                                               there are lots of other      2  to found [ faʊnd] – gründen
                                                                               things here that make        3  education [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] – Bildung
                                                                                                            4  landmark [ ˈlændmɑːk] –
                                                                               Berkshire worth16 a visit.      Wahrzeichen
      One of the main attractions is Windsor Castle, the weekend home of the Queen and the place             5 published [ ˈpʌblɪʃt] – veröffentlicht
      where Prince Harry and Meghan Markle recently got married. Berkshire is also home to one of            6 unique [ juˈniːk] – einzigartig
      the most famous schools in the country – Eton. Nineteen different British prime ministers went to      7 coastline [ˈkəʊstlaɪn] –
      Eton, as well as Princes William and Harry, and actors Tom Hiddleston and Eddie Redmayne. And            Küstenstrecke
                                                                                                             8 custom [ˈkʌstəm] – Brauch
      Berkshire’s connection to the stars doesn’t end there. Actresses Kate Winslet and Natalie Dormer
                                                                                                             9 to trace [treɪs] – zurückführen
                                                    were born there, as was comedian Ricky Gervais, and     10 roots [ ruːts] – Herkunft
                                                    George and Amal Clooney like Berkshire so much,         11 ancestor [ ˈænsestə(r)] – Vorfahre
      D id Y ou K now ?

          Windsor
                                                    they bought a house there. And even if you’ve never     12 savoury [ ˈseɪvəri] – herzhaft
          Castle is
                                                    been to Berkshire, you might have seen it on TV or      13 swede [ swiːd] – Kohlrübe
          the biggest
                                                                                                            14 pastry [ˈpeɪstri] – Pastete
          inhabited17                               in a film – Highclere Castle is the real life Downton
                                                                                                            15 parade [ pəˈreɪd] – Festzug
          castle in                                 Abbey and the scenes at 4 Privet Drive in the Harry     16 inhabited [ ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd] – bewohnt
          the world.                                Potter films were also filmed in the county.

                                                                                                                                      Gate October | 2018   19
A2-B1 Music

     Here at Gate we’ve been listening
     to the charts and we’ve found some
     new musicians who are getting really
     big. Have you heard any of them?
     What do you think of their music?
     Kristine Botha (South Africa)

     Alessia’s Music
     Alessia Cara is a 22-year-old singer-songwriter from Canada,
     known for hits such as “Here” and “Scars to Your Beautiful”. She
     began her career by posting acoustic* covers1 of her favourite
     songs on YouTube at the age of 13, but in 2015 she released2 her
     first official album of original songs. Her music mixes R&B and pop,
     and she sings about partying, love, growing up, and accepting3
     individual beauty.

     A Canadian Success
     This Canadian star won her first Grammy Award in 2018, for “Best
     New Artist”. She is the first Canadian to ever win this award.
     This suggests that she is a star to
     watch. Her latest single,
     “Growing Pains”, is
     about the challenges4
     of becoming
     an adult.

   Fun Facts                   on the soundtra
                                                  ck for the Di
                                                                    sney
                      at  ured                               l Go.”
    t Alessia is fe                   song “How Fa
                                                       r I’l
                       , singing the
    movie Moana                   5 and she can sp
                                                      eak Italian.
                      lian roots
    t She has Ita                     plays three m
                                                       usical
       Be sid es sin   ging, Alessia          r, an d th e ukulele.
     t                         ano, the guita
             en  ts : th  e pi
     instrum

                                               Alessia Cara
                                   Pop Music’s New Sweetheart
Troye’s Music
                                                         Troye is a 23-year-old Australian pop artist taking the music
                                                        world by storm6 with his interesting releases. As a proud
                                                        member of the LGTBQ* community*, his music (and music
                                                         videos) often look at the problems he faced as a young gay man.
                                                     His youthful, fun pop sound also has electronic influences7
                                                   and darker lyrics at times. He describes his last album, Blue
                                                   Neighbourhood, as a “coming-of-age8” record, as he was still
                                                 discovering who he was when he wrote it. His new album,
                                                  Bloom, came out in late August, but he has already had success
                                                 with a few tracks from it, such as “My My My!”, “The Good Side”,
                                                and “Dance to This” (a collaboration9 with Ariana Grande).

                                                                                               Khalid’s music
                                                                         ra in
                                                                       st rg
                                                                           lia
                                 g e, , T e -M ro ld Au u

                                                                                            After posting his cool and laid-back10
                               in b ia th X ; T s o to esb
                                                                     n

                                                                    en

                                                                                            tracks on the SoundCloud website,
                          llo ou Ale an h to ea ed n
                        fo n Y ke ne suc tor o y ov oha

                                               st tar rilo igi be

                                                                                            the 20-year-old American singer
                                                                  .
                                        e. he s d t r as

                                                    ha d gy. s:
                           o Li eri s ac tw t m J

                                                                n
                              t olv vie an as bu n in

                                     lin d ye pu n O e h

                                                                                            Khalid became one of the hottest
                                                              r

                                                          e y
                                                    w a, or

                                                         bi t
                                                            b

                                                      s ou

                                                                                            new stars of the last few years.
                                                           g
                                   in He he fric as

                             w Tu ss d as o
      Fu

                                                                                                                                   Fun Facts
                                              n A w

                                                 ill te

                                                       a

                                                                                           His sound is mainly R&B, but
                                           w out oye

                                  on an ro S
         n

                                             S Tr

                                                                                        his influences come from pop,
                                            he h
                                               t

                                                                                     rock and rap.
                                 W m is
               Fa

                                                                                                                                                                 sical
                                                                                                                                     t Khalid studied mu
                                         o

                                                                             Despite being so new on the scene                                            gin g in high
                                       t

                                                                                                                                                      sin
                 ct

                                                                                                                                     the atr  e and
                                                                         (he released his biggest song, “Location”,                  school.
                   s

                                                                                                                                                                    up
                                                                      in 2016) he has already earned Grammy                          t His popularity went
                                                                                                                                                                    erstar
                                                                      nominations and worked with high-profile                        when social media sup
  Troye Sivan                                                         stars like Kendrick Lamar and had a very                        Kyl ie Jen  ner  po ste
                                                                                                                                      “Location” on her Sna
                                                                                                                                                              d  his song
                                                                                                                                                                   pchat
                                                                      successful, sold out11 tour. He released his                                                 followers.
                                                                                                                                      account to millions of
                                                                      first album, American Teen, in 2017.                                                        orgia, USA,
  A Brave Gay Pop Star                                                                                                                t He was born in Ge
                                                                                                                                                   in diff ere nt  places
                                                                                                                                      but   live d
                                                                                                                                                        mo the  r wo  rked for
                                                                                                                                       because his
                                                                                                                                                                   n lived in
                                                                                                                                       the military . He eve
                                                                                                                                                       12

                                                                                                                Khalid                 Germany for six years.

Julia’s Music
Although she only                                                                                  The New Kid on the Block
released her EP*
Nervous System in
2017, 24-year-old
Julia has actually                                                                                                          Glossary
been on the pop
music scene for                                                                                                         acoustic – not using electrical equipment
a while. However,                                                                                                       LGTBQ – Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, Bisexual
                                                                                                                        and Queer
instead of being the
                                                                                                                        EP – a collection of songs by an artist,
face of the music,
                                                                                                   Fun Fa

                                                                                                                        shorter than an album
she was behind the                                                                         ulia
                                                                                me is J
scenes, writing music for stars like Justin                         real na                   ther
                                                            t Her                  H e  r  fa
                                                               rin  C a vazos.             to
Bieber, Selena Gomez and Gwen Stefani.                      Ca                   name
                                                                     ed his                  ame to                      Vocabulary
When she wrote her first solo single,                        chang         w  h  en he c act.
                                                                      e ls                    to
                                                             Micha                  n t e  d
“Issues”, she said that she wanted to                                   and wa                                          1  cover [ˈkʌvə(r)] – Cover / Neufassung
                                                              the US                a t to  o  that
sell the song to bigger stars, but she just                              has a t                                        2  to release [rɪˈliːs] – veröffentlichen
                                                                                                          cts

                                                               t  S h e
                                                                                     p”    o n  her
couldn’t see anyone singing it but her.                                   peak u                                        3  to accept [əkˈsept] – annehmen
                                                               says “s
                                                                         .                                              4  challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] – Herausforderung
Now, the song is a hit, along with tracks                       throat                 most
                                                                         e  of the                                      5  roots [ruːts] – Wurzeln
such as “Uh Huh” and “Heaven”. As a                              t On                            e
                                                                                       ngs sh                           6  to take by storm [ stɔːm] – im Sturm erobern
                                                                            sful so           orry” fo
                                                                                                       r
genius with catchy14 lyrics and melodies,                         succes           n is   “ S                           7  influence [ˈɪnfluəns] – Einfluss
                                                                        w  ri t te               h  wa s
                                                                  has                      whic
this songwriter is fast becoming a star.                                     Bieber, it.                                8  coming-of-age [ ˌkʌmɪŋ əv ˈeɪdʒ] –
                                                                   Justin                e  h
                                                                              ber on                                       Erwachsenwerden
                                                                   a num                                                 9 collaboration [ kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn] –
                                                                                                                           Zusammenarbeit
  Julia Michaels                                                                                                        10 laid-back [ˌleɪd ˈbæk] – lässig
                                                                                                                        11 sold out [ ˌsəʊld ˈaʊt] – ausverkauft
                                                                                                                        12 military [ˈmɪlətri] – Militär
   From Behind the Scenes                                                                                               13 spotlight [ˈspɒtlaɪt] – Rampenlicht
                                                                                                                        14 catchy [ˈkætʃi] – einprägsam
      into the Spotlight13

                                                                                                                                                    Gate October | 2018     21
a2–B1Media
A2-B1 Social

                                                 SKAM Austin                               A Social Media Series
                                                                                 Next time you’re looking for a TV show
    What is SKAM?                                                                      to follow, look at your Facebook
    SKAM Austin offers its viewers1 a window into
                                                                                               page. I’m not saying your
    the lives of teens at the fictional2 Bouldin High                                              friends’ lives are that
    School in Austin, Texas. Although the show follows
    a script and the characters are not real people, it
                                                                                        dramatic (or perhaps they are).
    feels like they are. From the camera work to the                                    No, I’m talking about Facebook
    acting and to the unique3 format, the series is
                                                                                   Watch, the new service that lets you
    very realistic. Even the actors are local teens, not
    famous faces we can see everywhere. The series                               watch certain series for free, simply by
    shows the average life of a teenager – changing                             having a Facebook account. And one of
    friendships, struggling to pass4 classes, attraction
    of all types, bullying5, and family issues – all                            these new series is called SKAM Austin.
    without sugar-coating* things.
                                                                                                                                Molly Emmett (USA)

    Who is who?
                                 Season 1 of SKAM Austin                                                                 Though we mostly see
                                 follows 16-year-old                                                                   Megan and her problems,
                                 Megan during the end                                                                    we slowly learn secrets
                                 of her sophomore* year.                                                                        about the other
                                 Over eight full episodes,                                                              characters that leave us
                                 we meet lots of really                                                                 impatiently6 waiting for
                                 interesting characters.                                                                       the next season.

                                 Megan

              Marlon,             Abby, Megan’s ex-best-      Shay, Megan’s friend, is     Grace, the cool new girl,        Kelsey and her
        Megan’s boyfriend,        friend, who may not be      the only person she can      with whom Megan joins         eccentric7 best friend
        who might be hiding        as bad as she seems.            really talk to.             the dance team.          Josefina, who are both
            something.                                                                                                    on the dance team.

    The Original Style                                 SKAM Austin is not an entirely
                                                       new show. It is actually based on
                                                       a Norwegian series called SKAM,
    which means “shame8”. The original series began in 2015 and continued for four
    seasons on the Norwegian channel NRK P3. Every day, the channel’s website
    released a clip of about three or four minutes, in “real time”. The episodes were
    marked9 with the same dates and times that they went online, so it seemed
    like the characters were living in the same timeline as the viewers. To make the
    characters even more realistic, the original SKAM created social media profiles for
    them, and posted links to the text messages they wrote, on the website. Every
    Friday, the producers would combine all of the clips into a full-length episode.

   22   Gate October | 2018
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